Treatment of hypertension

Hypertension

Keeping healthy weight and body, reducing or even avoiding high-calorie foods that contain high cholesterol and fat, or containing high salt content, helps reduce serious diseases such as cardiovascular disease, etc. Of the deadly diseases, hypertension is considered the most important of these avoidable diseases.

Blood pressure level is defined by two factors, namely, the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the amount of resistance of the blood vessels to blood circulation. High blood pressure is known to increase the resistance and high strength on the walls of blood vessels long enough to cause a range of health problems. From the heart or increased blood vessels increased blood pressure, which is one of the most dangerous diseases of the cardiovascular system; because it starts without symptoms, and may continue for a long time quietly without the patient knows that he was infected only after a body damage, so called silent killer.

The treatment of high pressure, like other diseases of the body, is divided into two main parts, the first
Is to change the bad lifestyle, keep away from malpractice that worsens the situation, and the second is the use of antihypertensive drugs to prevent new complications.

Modify the patient’s lifestyle

The patient must make a radical change to his lifestyle and lifestyle, and these are the most important things:

Weight reduction.
Reduce the amount of salt consumed in food to less than 6 g per day, or less than 3 g if the disease is associated with other chronic diseases, such as diabetes.
Stop smoking, drink alcohol, and minimize the stimulant drinks.
Sports, where playing light sports such as walking for half an hour a day is very useful in the treatment of pressure as well as protection from many other diseases.
Eat plenty of healthy foods, such as vegetables, fruits, and keep away from high-fat foods.
Stay away from stressful moods and stress.

pharmaceutical

Pressure medications are prescribed if the disease is diagnosed by the doctor. It should be started as soon as possible if the systolic blood pressure is consistently higher than 140, or the diastolic pressure is consistently above 90, and the goal is to keep the patient over 60 years of pressure below 150/90, and pressure patients with other chronic diseases must maintain their pressure level below 140/90.

The doctors also recommend the use of aspirin in light doses daily, and the drugs of cholesterol and lipid in the blood, to reduce the likelihood of exposure to blood clots, in addition to the adherence to pressure drugs that reduce, and the number of drugs to reduce pressure in how they work and the strength of impact,

Diuretics.
Beta blockers.
Alpha blockers.
Alpha and beta blockers.
Antagonists drugs.
Calcium channel blockers.
Renin inhibitors.

Diuretics

Diuretics eliminate the body of excess fluids and salts, which leads to lower blood pressure. The most important types of diuretics used to reduce pressure are thiazide diuretics, which are highly effective drugs and equal to the rest of modern medicines. However, attention should be paid to the doses taken and attention to the complications of these drugs. Potassium deficiency, which affects the heart muscle, and the most famous of these drugs HCloroethiazide. Another type of diuretic is called diuretic diuretics, such as the virus that is used to treat high pressure, kidney failure, and some heart disease.

Beta blockers

One of the drugs used to lower blood pressure is beta blockers, drugs that reduce the workload on the heart by reducing nerve impulses of the heart, reducing the strength of the contraction and slowing its speed, and also reduces the resistance of blood vessels. It is a competitive antagonist that is divided into several types. It is not the quality that works on beta-1 and beta-2 beta receptors, such as the one that works only for the beta-1 receptor, and has several side effects. It is not recommended for asthma or other pulmonary diseases , And are not effective in the form required when used alone, especially for adults in age, usually these drugs with other drugs of pressure to be more effective.

Alpha blockers

Alpha blockers are drugs that affect the blood vessels directly. They work to prevent the effect of the hormone norepinephrine. This causes the blood vessels to relax and reduce their resistance. Pressure decreases accordingly. Examples include dioxasin and prazosin. Other effects such as lowering cholesterol and improving The response to insulin, and the side effects are many and dizziness is the most disturbing, and to reduce this offer doctors prescribe these drugs in small doses, which gradually increase.

Antagonists drugs

It is one of the best drugs used to reduce stress, especially for diabetics, chronic kidney disease and heart failure. These drugs include inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEI), a substance that relaxes the blood vessels leading to low pressure, such as captopril and benzabril, and the most important side effects of these drugs are renal failure, especially in patients with hardening of blood vessels, Dry cough, high potassium, etc. It is forbidden to give to pregnant women for fear of fetal health. Inhibitory priority. (ACEI).

Calcium channel blockers

It is one of the most important drugs used. It relaxes the walls of the blood vessels and reduces the heart’s effort by preventing the entry of calcium into the muscle cells and reducing its contraction. The most important ones are amlodipine and dalitazam, and are usually used with other pressure drugs to increase their effectiveness. But these drugs have several side effects, most notably headache and dizziness, and should be used during the use of drinking grapefruit juice, because it increases the concentration of these drugs in the blood, increasing the risk of exposure to side effects.

Renin inhibitors

They are drugs that reduce or inhibit the production of renin, and renin is an enzyme produced by the kidney to initiate a series of chemical reactions that eventually lead to high blood pressure. It should be taken into account that this drug is not taken with anti-angiotensin drugs of both types, because it increases the risk of complications, the most important clotting.

Treatment of malignant hypertension

This is a serious condition in which blood pressure rises to more than 220/120. The patient experiences multiple symptoms such as severe head aches and vision problems that may lead to loss of vision, confusion of mental state, severe vomiting, and other symptoms. Therefore, this is considered an emergency in which the patient must be admitted to the hospital and receive appropriate treatment, before the disease causes serious and serious damage to the body of the patient, where blood pressure is reduced gradually, and gives the patient several drugs, most notably sodium nitroproseid through the vein until Return to the near normal state, where the treatment turns into oral medication.

Causes of high pressure

The causes of high pressure are divided into two main parts:

Unconscious: The initial is called, representing more than 90% of patients’ cases.
Known as the cause, secondary is called, where it represents the rest, examples are the following:
- Kidney problems.
- Adrenal gland tumors.
- Thyroid problems.
- Some defects in congenital blood vessels.
- Some medications, such as birth control pills, colds, congestion removers, excessive pain relievers and some drugs.
- Illicit drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines.
- Alcohol abuse, or chronic alcohol abuse.