Infancy stage
The period from the birth of the fetus to the end of its second year is defined as the stage of breastfeeding, one of the stages of human development. The baby’s understanding and perception are limited to the absorption of his physical and psychological independence from his mother, where his understanding is based on the thought of full attachment to his mother, he can not comprehend his mind To avoid it and show it for fear and confusion, which actually hinders the construction of the child’s personality at the beginning of this stage.
Infancy is a difficult transition for the child. The child depends on his mother in all his affairs fully, and in the first weeks of the lactation form psychological and personal links that create and balance the child. The child stores feelings of affection and affection during this stage to build his individual personality Adolescence, the ego image of the child as a result of the mother’s negative and positive interaction with him during the period of breastfeeding, and helps these beginnings to form the child emotional, psychological, mental and social.
Child development
Infancy is the stage of steady building and the continuous development of the body, feeling and personality. It quickly shows evolutionary changes in the child’s body, responses, emotions, and awareness. It shows synergy and harmony between movement and sense and control. The ability to sign, play, At this stage, the child acquires various abilities and skills such as language and expression, and adopts the child’s personality and self based on his emotional, personal and emotional configurations, and the accompanying social interactions and contact with the outside world or the family environment. The specific needs of the child and requirements, to move it to other evolutionary stages contribute to the upbringing, and can highlight aspects of growth and development of the infant through the following:
Physical and physiological growth
The teeth of the child appear in the sixth month of age in two groups, a temporary structure and the age of twenty, and show first, and thirty-two permanent appear in stages after the stage of breastfeeding, accompanied by a steady increase in the length of the child and weight and the size of muscles that multiply and intensify, In their size and size, the skeletal cartilage grows to fit bone growth.
Physiology The development of the child’s nervous system develops rapidly and distinctly, the brain’s weight and size increase, the parts of the nervous system become more complex and become more complex. The nerve cells become more and more slowly attached to the muscles, which justify the speed of the child’s dependence on himself and the development of his voluntary movements. , The lungs become more extensive, and the work of the output device is integrated to control the child’s control of defecation and then urination to move in part from the involuntary to voluntary control.
Sensory growth
The sensory responses of the child at the beginning of the lactation phase are in the random response to his own inner environment and the kinetic effects surrounding him. These responses then evolve to adopt meaningful sensory experiences, produce socially meaningful and vital behaviors. Visual perception and sensitivity to the stimulant level are gradually differentiated. In the concentration of his sight, and balance between what is the eye and what reaches his hand at the fifth month of his age, and then if the ninth month of age, the adequacy is increasing to be able to distinguish small objects and capture, and aware of some people D and fundamentally distinguishes depth.
The sense of hearing in the child’s recognition of different voices at the fourth month of age, and identify the source of these sounds and distinguish harmony and enjoy rhythms at the fifth month, and the child smells little by little to express satisfaction with smells or disturbed by random movements represent the response of the child to move away or approach, The child between the different tastes to accept the sweet and defy of bitter, and can clearly distinguish the taste sour, and feels sense of touch distinctive cold sensor of objects and hot them, and also conducts the behavior of pressure and checking on objects that reach the hand e.
Motor growth
The child’s movements and behavior are reflected in reflexive actions resulting from the random response to stimuli of his or her own environment. These types of movements are indicated by the child’s immediate responses when touching his palm. For example, the child responds by constraining or grasping what his hand feels like reflexive behavior The child’s movements begin to develop according to their physical and physiological development. And the weakness of the structure of the bone that is growing rapidly on the other hand, and then the child is not progressing at this stage is so easy that the motor abilities begin to differentiate and appear, This seems remarkable in his ability to lift parts of his body while he is breastfed, and he has the ability to move his limbs voluntarily.
The voluntary motor ability consists in sitting at the fifth month of the infant’s life. These features quickly develop in the early months, so that the child loves the limbs and then exercises to stand and walk automatically, becoming independent in walking at the age of 15 years.