The atom is the smallest part of the chemical element. It consists of a group of negative charges that are clustered around a nucleus composed of neutrons that are both neutral and positively charged. The atom distinguishes between the chemical elements. The copper atom is different from the iron atom, which is different from the copper atom.
John Dalton, a chemist from England, was suffering from extreme poverty before becoming a teacher. He spoke French, Latin and Greek. John Dalton designed a table that contains the atomic weights of many chemical elements, John Dalton created the class of relative atomic weights of chemical elements. John Dalton was famous for discovering the theory called Dalton theory, which was specialized in the atomic theory of matter. In which he explained that the chemical elements consist of many atoms are indivisible, and these atoms are in the elements of the same mass and shape and size, and included Dalton theory as follows:
- The atom is a very small part of the chemical elements, and it is indivisible.
- When a change in the distribution of atoms leads to chemical union.
- Corn is similar in one element to the same qualities, and varies from one element to another in terms of shape, mass and volume.
- When atoms combine different elements, this leads to the formation of several materials.
John Dalton’s law was a great success at the time of his discovery, and then many scientists came up with the discovery of many different theories such as Faraday, who conducted many experiments to analyze salts, which discovered the electrons found in the atom, and after Faraday appeared Thomson, who explained that the electrons Its size is much smaller than that of corn, and it has discovered that maize is divisible and fragmented, not as previously thought to be an indivisible part of the atom.
Thomson discovered that the atom contained positive charges, and that the atom contained negatively charged electrons. The atom was electronically neutral, and then the scientist Rutherford said that the atom contained a nucleus with negative charges around it, that the atom was empty from the inside and contained only the nucleus Which revolves around the electrons, and thus evolved discoveries and theories that relate to the atom, and we conclude that the atom contains a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons, so that the charge of the atom is neutral.