Research began in ancient times, the smallest part of the material, has been mentioned in the Koran in the Koran, in more than one place, where the miracle of the Koran to the existence of what is smaller than the atom, knowing that the conventional, the smallest thing exists, and this indicates that Not the words of mankind, the Almighty said: (And what is in the matter and what follows from the Koran do not do the work, but we were witnesses to you as you are overflowing and what is left by your Lord of the weight of an atom in the earth and in the sky and smaller than that and no larger except in the book Between).
Concept of corn
The research on corn lasted for centuries, until the concept of maize was defined, which requires that the smallest part of the material has its total chemical properties. When these atoms are similar, they represent an element, albeit a mixture, representing a complex of elements Atoms, the atom is considered to be the foundation stone for all the substances in the universe.
Corn components
The atom consists of a nucleus that contains positive charges called protons and other charge-like neutrons, and electrons with a negative charge orbiting the nucleus with geometrical orbits. If the number of electrons equals the number of protons, the atom is equal in charge.
Characteristics of corn
- The atoms of the elements are distinguished by their unique properties, where the atoms are not the same in the atomic number and the mass number.
- Atomic number refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom where the elements are arranged in the periodic table based on this number, the atomic number of hydrogen equals one. Which is the number of protons in it, so that hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table followed by the helium element, whose nuclei contain two protons followed by the element of lithium, which has three protons … Etc.
- The mass number is a term that refers to the sum of the protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of the atom.
- Most of the size of the atom is vacuum. The weight of the corn is concentrated in its small nuclei, since the nucleus is 100 thousand times smaller than the atom.
- The space around the atom occupies orbits, containing electrons that travel around the nucleus of the atom, where the presence of orbitals is indicated if two electrons are found of the same quantitative specifications.
- Electrons in orbits close to the nucleus are more energy-bound than far-away electrons, so to get the electron out of a nearby orbit, to a farther orbit, it requires a card to be released from the power of the nucleus bond.
- The size of the atom is not fixed and constant, so it is calculated as an estimate of the distance between two atoms in crystalline solids, to estimate the size of the atom.