polio
Poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis) is a disease caused by viral infection, and the virus that causes the disease is present in the throat and small intestine. The virus attacks the central nervous system and the spinal cord, causing muscle relaxation and paralysis. In fact, the introduction of the polio vaccine has finally eliminated the disease in the United States, which was one of the leading causes of death.
Polio vaccination
Polio Vaccine is a vaccine that should be given to children according to vaccination schedules in their country. The vaccine contains a small amount of poliovirus to give the body’s immune system the ability to resist it. To reduce the risk of infection, it should be noted that giving this scourge does not work in people infected with polio. There are two types of polio vaccine in the world:
- The attenuated vaccine, given orally, is called OPV.
- Inactivated vaccine is given by injection into the muscles, called IPV.
History of polio vaccine
Prodi’s first polio vaccine was launched in 1936. Prodi tried to produce a formaldehyde polio vaccine, experimented with monkeys, and then vaccinated 3,000 children with the same vaccine, but the results were poor. Colmar said he developed a polio vaccine in the same year and tested it for several thousand children, but the vaccine caused several cases of polio, some of which ended in death. Jonas Salek discovered the first inoculated polio vaccine, administered by muscle injection and first tested in 1953, and began using the polio vaccine that Salk discovered in the United States in April 1955. As for the debilitating polio vaccine, Albert Sabin In 1956 the preparation of a vaccine is given in the form of oral drops. Preventing the transmission of poliovirus among humans through vaccination has thus been a critical step in the eradication of polio worldwide.
How to give polio vaccine
Vaccine is often given to children who are inactive and should be given in the early stages of life. Children should be vaccinated with four doses of polio vaccine at the following ages:
- Dose in the second month.
- Dose in the fourth month.
- Dose during the period between the sixth and eighteenth month.
- A booster dose between 4-6 years.
The polio vaccine may be administered in conjunction with other vaccines. For adults, the scorpion is given only to travelers to areas where poliomyelitis is still widespread, as are workers in polio vaccine laboratories, and to medical staff caring for poliomyelitis patients. For adults, the first dose is given at any time, then the second dose is given after one or two months of the first dose, while the third dose is given six to 12 months after the second dose.
The risks associated with taking the polio vaccine
The polio vaccine is generally safe. The main risk of oral polio vaccine is the emergence of polio-associated polio vaccines. As for the polio vaccine given by injection, some people after taking it with redness and pain at the injection site
Symptoms of polio
There are two forms of poliovirus infection, one of which does not paralyze the patient, and the symptoms are similar to the symptoms of influenza, including:
- Fever.
- Sore throat.
- Headaches.
- Vomiting.
- General fatigue and fatigue.
- Back pain, neck, arms, legs.
The second form of infection – which is the most serious form – Vtndr infection. The signs and symptoms of this type of disease are similar to those that do not cause paralysis, such as headache and fever, but other symptoms soon appear within a week, including:
- Loss of spontaneous body reactions.
- Severe muscle pain and muscle weakness.
- Flaccid paralysis.
Post polio syndrome
Post-polio syndrome can be defined as a set of signs and symptoms that affect some people after years of polio. These symptoms include:
- Increased muscle and joint pain and weakness.
- Fatigue and fatigue.
- Atrophy (Atrophy).
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing.
- Difficulty with low temperatures.
- Sleep apnea disorders such as sleep apnea.
Polio treatment
Therefore, early diagnosis, supportive treatments such as bed rest, painkillers, good nutrition, and physical therapy can help reduce long-term polio symptoms. . Some patients may need special care. Some may require respirators, special diets when swallowing is difficult, while others need leg splints to reduce pain, deformity, and muscle spasm.