polio
Poliomyelitis, scientifically known as poliomyelitis, is classified as an infectious disease. Children are infected by the MRV. The lower limbs invade the upper part of the child’s body. The severity varies from simple to severe. The poliovirus is considered a human intestinal tract. It belongs to the family of bicoranoid viruses.
According to data released by the World Health Organization that polio began to decline in the end of the eighties of the last century, with a decline rate of nearly 99% of the spread, yet still India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria suffer from his presence.
In 1988, there were three hundred and fifty thousand cases of poliomyelitis. After their decline and preventive measures, the number dropped to only three hundred and fifty-nine cases in 2014. In recent years, polio has been confined to Afghanistan and Pakistan alone.
Polio transmission methods
The polio virus invades the human body through the airways of the mouth and nose. It travels to the throat and then to the intestine, which is absorbed and distributed throughout the body by blood. The virus is deposited in the incubation period within the body before onset of symptoms in a period of five to thirty five Days, and the virus is transmitted from one person to another in the following ways:
- Direct contact with the infected person.
- Mixing with it and touching the phlegm, mouth or nose.
- Contaminated stool.
- Contamination of food and water with poliovirus.
Symptoms of polio
The symptoms of polio begin to appear on the child after the end of the incubation period, which may be up to thirty five days, and after this period the following symptoms begin to appear:
- Light fever is the complaint of a sore throat.
- General fatigue.
- Vomiting.
- Pain in the neck, back and limbs.
- Muscle spasm.
- Meningitis.
- Injury to the spinal cord or brain by the virus or both.
- Relaxation of limbs.
- Loss of control over the parties.
Diagnosis of polio
The symptoms of polio are classified as clinical, non-paralytic, and paralytic, and the diagnosis begins depending on the clinical symptoms that begin with the neck and back convulsions. The stage develops and the child has trouble swallowing. If these initial symptoms occur, By taking a sample of the baby’s stool, saliva, or spinal fluid, and according to the results shown, the person’s safety or infection with the virus is confirmed.
Polio treatment
Medicine has not yet reached a radical cure for polio, but medical solutions have been limited to alleviating symptoms and avoiding complications. The treatment is to take supportive supportive measures such as antibiotics to prevent transmission of infection to weak muscles. The patient has painkillers, and is advised to exercise and physical activities moderately, in addition to a balanced diet.
It is noteworthy that polio needs long periods to alleviate the injury, and is subject to physical therapy and wear of special medical shoes and leggings, and doctors may resort to surgical intervention in some cases.
WHO calls on individuals to report immediately and not to slow down in the event of suspected poliomyelitis, or to start the onset of symptoms, to take preventive measures to isolate the patient and provide the necessary treatment for him, where hospitals take sterilization procedures and continuous disinfection of the patient’s discharge and tools.
Prevention of poliomyelitis
In collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), health-care agencies around the world are providing a vaccine against poliomyelitis in certain periods free of charge. This vaccine is a protective shield against polio. The vaccine contains non-active virus viruses and thus is unable to invade. The human body and cause paralysis.
This virus is able to give the immune system the ability to produce antibodies to form an immune weapon against the virus, and attack and eliminate it, and take doses of this Scion as follows:
- The first dose is taken when the child is 45 years old.
- The second dose is taken when the child is three months old.
- The third dose is taken at the age of five months.
- The last two doses of the vaccine are taken for the first two periods at the age of 18 months and the last at the age of four years.
Polio vaccine
The successful discovery of the polio vaccine to the American scientist Jonas Salek was successful in that period and contributed to the eradication and reduction of polio. The vaccine consists of dead, inactivated viruses, given to the patient by injection of the needle into the muscle.
Prospects for polio recovery
There is the possibility of recovery of some patients with polio virus, in the case of early detection and control of the virus before the invasion and affect the nerves, the individual suffers from meningitis only without paralysis, and symptoms appear on the patient for a period of two days and ten days and then recover Full.
Paralysis is permanent and temporary if it develops and the virus invades the nerves. Paralysis is always present if the nerve cells in the spine are destroyed. The remaining cells are temporarily paralyzed, and the recovery period takes about one to a month and a half. Illnesses are simple disabilities in the patient, including severe.
Complications of polio
Poliomyelitis causes complications after infection, including:
- Physical disability is permanent or temporary.
- Pneumonia infection.
- Myocarditis and shortness.
- Inflammation of urinary tract infections.
- Disorders of the lungs, their shortness and sometimes death.
- Post-polio syndrome and the development of the condition.
Post polio syndrome
Post-polio syndrome Post-polio syndrome is a progressive condition, known as a long-term manifestation of symptoms of poliomyelitis. These symptoms start occurring 25 to 35 years after infection Disease.
The symptoms are more frequent than the previous one, such as the weakness of the muscles, and the spread of infection to other muscles not previously infected by the disease, and start symptoms of this syndrome appear as follows:
- Muscular dystrophy and weakness.
- Weakness of joints and feeling of pain.
- Extreme fatigue and inability to exercise any physical activity.
- Allergy to cold weather.
- Difficulties swallowing and breathing.
- Choking during sleep.
This treatment is not curable. There is no cure to give the muscles the ability to regain its strength. It is to enable the patient to adapt and coexist with the disease as much as possible. The methods of cohabitation provide the necessary comfort, maintain physical activity throughout the day, To walk like a stick, leg stretchers or wheelchair for people with motor disabilities.
World Polio Day
The 28th of October marks the International Polio Day, which was chosen to be the world’s first polio since it marks the date of the birth of the American polio vaccine developer Jonas Salek. It was announced in 1955 and achieved great success in the history of healthy life.