Diamond
Is a transparent crystal made up of carbon atoms. It is a spherical mesh of SP3 and is used in many different uses because of the special physical properties that are difficult to be found in any other material. It is considered one of the most valuable materials in this world. There are many types of diamonds such as blue Which contains boron, yellow containing nitrogen, brown with hair defects, green due to radiation, purple, pink, orange and red, formed by high temperature and high pressure, and pressure at a depth of 140 to 190 kilometers.
Knowledge of diamonds
Diamonds have a range of different characteristics that can distinguish between real diamonds of high value, and fake or traditional:
- Hardness: Its strength is primarily based on purity and crystalline strength. Its hardness is unblemished, and some diamonds can be scratched through some boron nitride materials. Some types of diamonds can not be scratched by any material, in accordance with their strong resistance to the fracture that results for a variety of powerful influences, diamond hardness from 7.5 to 10 MPa, this value is good compared to other ceramic materials.
- Pressure resistance: Has a high-pressure bearing capacity of more than 600 Gpa Pascal.
- Electrical conductivity: Diamond types are different from each other. Blue diamonds are natural semiconductors because of their boron, which is one of the alternatives to carbon atoms in diamonds, which is considered semiconductors, while most other types are considered excellent electrical insulators.
- Surface: The surface nature of diamonds is characterized by the love of fatty substances, especially oil. For this reason, this property is used to extract diamonds. Its surface becomes water-loving when its surface is chemically modified with some ions.
- Chemical stability: It does not interact with any of the chemical reagents such as strong acids, bases where there are thermal conditions that are less than the temperature of the room, while the surface of the diamond oxidized when temperatures exceed 850 ° C in the air.
- the color : Diamonds are distinguished by its purity, and this is highlighted when the diamond passes through visible light, where it looks like a colorless crystal.
- Engraving: Lazar Kaplan in the United States has engraved diamonds on the surface of the diamond. This inscription is an invisible sign of the naked eye to identify the original pieces of imitation.