Porcelain
Porcelain is one of the oldest objects known to man. Pottery, ceramics, and porcelain are similar tools, but their method of manufacture, materials, specifications and temperature are different. Ceramic or pottery vessels left behind by the ancient man were found to be evidence of It was made and used pottery, either as utensils for eating or utensils to save food. The word porcelain means clay that has been burned in the fire.
Ceramics
The porcelain industry is one of the industries that have developed a lot and have been different and characterized by some peoples. Perhaps the most famous types of porcelain is Chinese porcelain, where the Chinese porcelain industry originated in the tang dynasty, which ruled China from 618 to 907. Chinese porcelain consists of kaolin, The Europeans tried to imitate the Chinese porcelain industry but failed because they were unable to analyze its chemical composition. In the 18th century, the Chinese added bone ash to clay or clay to form a bone porcelain that is much stronger than ordinary Chinese porcelain.
Ceramic components
The main components of the ceramic industry include clay, feldspar, a metal consisting mainly of aluminum silicate, flint, a kind of solid quartz, and silica is a compound of oxygen and silicon, one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust. The process of manufacturing ceramics begins with crushing these materials, crushing them and purifying them from impurities. Then mixing them with water. The magnetic filtration is used to remove the iron from the dough. Then the ceramic or artisans form the porcelain from utensils, antiques and others. The temperature is raised up to 1200 ° C, where there are special furnaces and developed for the manufacture of porcelain, then cooled to allow liquid glass to solidify and cool, thus forming a strong bond between the granules Crystal after the Mail and thus shaped our strong porcelain is very solid.
Quality porcelain
The quality of the porcelain is controlled by the nature of the raw materials added during the manufacturing process, the chemical structure monitoring, particle size distribution, viscosity, elasticity, shrinkage, strength, porosity, color, and thermal expansion are all measured, and many of these properties are monitored and controlled During manufacturing using statistical methods. All of the raw materials that have been mentioned can be modified to achieve the desired quality.
Uses of porcelain
The use of porcelain or the field of the use of porcelain are many where the intervention of the ceramic industry in the manufacture of fine vases, dishes and statues, and other decorative elements and one of the most famous uses of porcelain at the present time is the manufacture of dental bridges and crust called porcelain, where this material is resistant to stains better Of other materials and gives the porcelain look like real teeth. In the architectural field, ceramics are used in all types of buildings in floors and walls inside and outside. Ceramics are excellent in bathrooms and kitchens because they are moisture-resistant and waterproof, and porcelain makes floors very durable as can be seen from old mosaic floors that still look beautiful after centuries of fixing them on floors and walls.