Diabetes
Diabetes diabetes mellitus Is a chronic disorder that reduces the ability of the body to use energy from its sources of food; as a result of the lack of insulin hormone produced by the pancreas; which is – insulin – is responsible for enhancing the ability of cells to absorb glucose to produce energy, leading to high sugar in Blood, the symptoms of diabetes are frequent urination, weight loss, nausea and vomiting, excessive thirst and appetite, slow healing wounds.
It is necessary to treat diabetes when it is discovered, as neglect or delay in treatment can cause many serious complications, which may lead to death in the end.
Complications of Diabetes
Rapid complications
Diabetic ketone acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA In the case of diabetes mellitus, the cause of insulin deficiency, high blood sugar, and the lack of insulin causes the inability of the body’s cells to exploit the sugar in the blood, the cells begin to analyze the fat body and its muscles to materials that can be exploited as an energy source, .
There are many reasons for this condition, including: shortening the patient to take sufficient amount of insulin, or exposure to a specific physical condition such as infection, or a psychological situation led to raise the rate of sugar in his blood without raising the amount of insulin, which led to imbalance between them.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis are severe stomach aches, frequent urination, vomiting, rapid and deep breathing, acetone-like smell of the mouth, dehydration due to loss of fluids, loss of consciousness, and heart arrhythmias.
Sugar: The sugar in this case is high up to 250 mg / dl, often approaching 400 mg / dl.
Diagnosis and treatment:
When the patient has symptoms of this condition should be transferred immediately to the emergency room, and doctors are necessary tests to check the presence of ketones in the urine of the patient, and includes treatment to give insulin through the vein slowly to reduce the rate of sugar, and return fluids and electrolytes lost by the injured.
Diabetic coma
Diabetic coma occurs Diabetic coma or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state In adults with diabetes, who are over 7 years of age; they are very old or often in bed, and are caused by high blood sugar, a drought victim who is not responding to thirst, and other diseases such as urinary tract infection Pneumonia.
Symptoms:
This condition is associated with the first symptomatic condition, in addition to the neurological symptoms of head pain, inability to speak or move, and complete coma.
Sugar: The sugar in this case can reach 800-1000 mg / dl.
Diagnosis and treatment:
Is a blood glucose test, which often exceeds 600 mg / dl, with the symptoms listed. The treatment is to administer intravenous insulin and to restore as much fluid as possible to the body.
lack of blood sugar
Hypoglycemia occurs Hypoglycemia When hypoglycemia in diabetics due to excessive insulin injections or excessive use of medicines to reduce sugar or not to eat meals that they should eat or over-sports activities.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of hypoglycemia include tiredness, dizziness, headache, confusion, concentration disorders, loss of consciousness, and coma. Symptoms of the sympathetic nervous system are sweat, rapid heartbeat, nausea, vomiting, fear and trembling.
Sugar: Sugar in this case may fall to less than 70 mg / dl.
the cure:
Glucose should be elevated by feeding the patient anything containing glucose, such as a candy, or injecting it with glucagon, if it is absent, and glucagon is a hormone that performs a reverse function for the insulin function, leading to glycogen analysis;
It stores the sugar in the body into glucose material; thus raising the rate of the latter in the blood.
Long-term complications
Control of diabetes affects the blood vessels, resulting in eye, kidney, nerve and limb injuries. These lesions are not accompanied by obvious symptoms at first, but after a long period they begin to appear as serious complications. Precautions should be taken to prevent them from occurring. Come:
Maintain the eye network
The eye network can be maintained by controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, performing periodic examinations of the bottom of the eye every year following puberty, and undergoing laser treatment if necessary. As for the strength of vision, changes in blood sugar cause a distortion of vision or some changes in the strength of the eyesight , So you should not perform a visual examination only when the rate of sugar is regulated.
Maintain kidneys
Kidneys can be maintained by controlling sugar, blood pressure, and protein reduction in the event of early detection of kidney problems, in addition to taking medications according to the doctor’s advice.
Maintenance of teeth
The teeth can be maintained by adjusting the sugar, and washing the teeth at least twice a day with brushing and paste.
Maintain the arteries of the heart, brain and limbs
The arteries of the heart, brain and limbs can be kept away from smoking, including passive smoking resulting from the inhalation of smoke from others. The factors causing atherosclerosis, such as obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglyceride, .
Prevention of Diabetes
- Commitment to an integrated diet with high content of vegetables and fruits, and a low calorie content.
- Commitment to exercise continuously and regularly.
- Maintain healthy weight.