Diabetes
Treatment of diabetes
Drug therapy
The treatment of type 1 diabetes depends primarily on insulin. In the second type of diabetes, sugar may be controlled and controlled by appropriate diet and exercise. It may be more severe when the patient needs to dispense oral medications, or use Insulin or combination of drugs and insulin, the following are some of the medicines used in the treatment of diabetes:
Insulin
Insulin is often given by syringes, but it can also be given by an insulin pump, an insulin pen, and there are many types of insulin, as follows:
- Fast-acting insulin (Rapid-acting insulin): This type of insulin starts working within 15 minutes after injection under the skin, and lasts for two to four hours, including Insulin glulisine, Insulin lispro, Insulin aspart ).
- Short-acting insulin (Short-acting insulin): It starts working after 30 minutes of its subcutaneous injection and lasts about 3-6 hours, for example human insulin.
- Insulin is an effective medium (Intermediate-acting insulin): It starts after 2-4 hours of injection, and lasts about 12-18 hours, for example, NPH.
- Long-acting insulin (Long-acting insulin): It starts working several hours after the injection under the skin, and continues to work for approximately 24 hours, for example Insulin glargine and Insulin detemir.
Other drugs other than insulin are given by injection
There are new types of drugs given by subcutaneous injection, including Pramlintide, which controls the level of sugar after meals, and may be given with insulin to control high sugar, and its side effects nausea and sugar decline.
Medications taken by mouth
There are many medications that are given orally to control the level of blood sugar, including the following:
- Metformin (Metformin) Metformin, known as an adjuvant or regulator of diabetes, reduces glucose synthesis from the liver. Because it does not affect the level of insulin in the blood, it does not lead to a decrease in sugar and may reduce appetite in some patients, A drug suitable for those with diabetes and weight gain, Metformin alone can be given to treat diabetes, and may be given with insulin and others.
- Sulfonil urea (Sulfonylureas): These drugs increase the secretion of insulin from the pancreas, and may cause a decline in sugar, such as Glyburide (Glipizide), Glipizide (Glipipide) and Glimepride (Glimepiride).
- Other drugs: They include pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and repaglinide, all given orally.
Herbs used to treat diabetes
Many people believe that products taken from nature are safe and can be used without concern, but in fact there are many side effects of taking these herbs, as well as the treatment of these herbs may be contrary to the drugs taken by the injured, and herbs, which are believed to be effective In the treatment of sugar include:
- Cinnamon: Cinnamon is used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, because it contains a chemical that works to lower the level of sugar in the blood, but there is insufficient evidence to prove its effectiveness in the treatment of diabetes, and the amount of cinnamon to reduce the level of sugar is not specified, With regard to their use, and the adoption of medicines prescribed by the competent doctor.
- Ring: Some studies have shown that the ring may be useful to help lower blood sugar levels. Studies have shown that consumption of the equivalent of 5-50 g of the ring once or twice a day may help lower the blood sugar level of type 2 diabetics. If used according to the recommended amount, and for a period not exceeding six months, and the side effects of the ring diarrhea and gases, in addition to distinctive smell that appear in sweat and urine, and may affect the ring on blood clotting and may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with blood dilutions Such as aspirin (aspirin) and warfarin (warfarin), so it must be Consult your doctor before taking them with these medications.
Targeted diabetes in diabetic patients
The diabetic should adhere to the prescribed drugs, follow the instructions of the doctor or pharmacist to control diabetes, and the target sugar depends on the type of screening of the fetus, for example, the cumulative sugar test aims to be less than 7%, measured every three to six months, but In patients with long-term diabetes, or with severe and advanced complications of diabetes, or who have already experienced severe cases of diabetes, the target cumulative glucose may be less than 8%, and fasting fasting glucose In which sugar is measured after fasting for 8 hours The target is determined by the physician level according to the proportion of the cumulative target of diabetes.
Tips for diabetics
In addition to the need to take the medicine as described by the specialist doctor, it is necessary to follow some tips that will help the diabetic, including the following:
- Follow a diet that determines the type and amount of carbohydrates eaten during the day, and pay attention to the number of meals eaten every day.
- Exercising for at least half an hour a day for five days a week, in order to increase the rate of sugar burning in the body.
- Eliminate excess weight, thus helping to control high blood sugar.
- Follow an appropriate diet.
Symptoms of diabetes
There are many symptoms that appear on patients with diabetes, especially patients of type I, and patients of Type II, these symptoms often appear a small degree may not be observed, and this may explain the diagnosis of the second type in many cases after the emergence of complications, and the symptoms of diabetes include:
- Extreme thirst day length.
- Feeling very hungry despite eating enough food.
- Urinating heavily at close times.
- Weight loss is significant and often occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes despite increased intake of food.
- Fatigue and exhaustion during the day.
- Weak vision and Ghabash vision.
- Slow wound healing and bruising.
- Wrenching, numbness, or numbness in the upper or lower extremities, especially in the second type of diabetes.