Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that affects the ability of the body to benefit from the energy in the food being consumed. It occurs when the pancreas is unable to secrete the Insulin hormone or not produce enough of it, or when the body can not Insulin is the hormone that regulates the level of sugar in blood and contributes to the benefit of sugar in food, so sugar starts to accumulate in the blood, and lead to hyperglycemia have serious consequences; it causes the destruction of small blood vessels in the kidneys, Heart, and organ Boy, and eyes, so it must be controlled to avoid complications such as heart disease, stroke, and blindness.
Types of diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, which is responsible for the production of the insulin hormone, thus destroying it. The amount of insulin secreted and the onset of symptoms of diabetes appear. Until now, the exact cause of the immune system’s attack on beta cells in the pancreas has not been determined, but it is believed that the genetic factor and genetic predisposition may play a role in some cases.
Type 2 diabetes
The second type of diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, with 90% of the total number of people with diabetes, and linked to this type of several factors, including obesity and the genetic factor, and it should be noted that the genetic factor plays a greater role in the second type of Diabetes is the first type. It is important to note that the second type may affect young people and adolescents, but it usually affects adults and the elderly, and often does not show any symptoms on the patient at the beginning of the disease as the disease is detected through routine examination.
Pregnancy diabetes
Pregnant women may become gestational diabetes, and diabetes often disappears after childbirth. However, gestational diabetes is a factor that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later years.
Symptoms of diabetes
Common symptoms that occur when a person has diabetes include the following:
- frequent urination.
- Feeling thirstier than usual.
- Uncertain weight loss.
- Increase appetite and hunger.
- Changes in eyesight, such as suffering from ophthalmology.
- Tinnitus of limbs.
- Feeling tired most of the time.
- Slow wound healing and ulcers.
- skin dryness.
- Increase the incidence of infection, especially fungal infections.
Diabetes diagnosis
Diabetes is usually diagnosed by Fasting Sugar Blood Test. A blood sample is taken from the person after fasting for at least 8 hours. Diabetes can be diagnosed by means of a hemoglobin test or a hemoglobin test A1C Blood Tests A1C or by taking a random blood sample and measuring its glucose level.
Natural and abnormal proportions of blood sugar
The normal blood glucose levels during fasting are less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg / dl). Thus, blood sugar levels equal to or greater than 126 mg / dl indicate that the person has diabetes, provided that this reading is repeated twice. Hemoglobin A1C should be less than 5.7%, if more than 6.5% indicates a person’s diabetes if this reading is recorded in two different sessions. As for reading sugar when taking a random blood sample without fasting, it should be less than 140 mg / Del, if more than 200 mg / dL for two or more days on different days indicated that a person has diabetes.
Treatment of diabetes
There is no definitive cure for diabetes, and existing therapies aim to control blood sugar, slow progression of the disease and the appearance of complications. Lifestyle should be changed to control hyperglycemia, by changing the diet by focusing on eating vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and as much as possible to eat foods rich in saturated fats and sugars, as well as the need to exercise at least Thirty minutes a day on most days of the week.
Type 1 diabetes treatment
Type 1 diabetes is treated by insulin injections. Treatment is often given by giving the patient long-term insulin once or twice a day to provide the essential insulin needed by the body. The patient is also given short-term insulin, which is taken before meals Its type, usually the amount of eating and concentration of glucose in the blood is matched with the amount of short-term insulin to achieve control of blood sugar levels.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes
Doctors prefer to change lifestyle and reduce weight to control type 2 diabetes. If the patient can not control the level of sugar by changing lifestyle, the doctor can prescribe appropriate oral medications, such as metformin ), Sulfonylurea, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, DPP-IV inhibitors, and glycagon-1 receptor antagonists (1) GLP-1 receptor agonists), or can be used Describe the doctor’s patient’s treatment by injecting insulin if necessary.
Gestational diabetes treatment
If changes in lifestyle do not control high sugar in pregnancy, the doctor may turn to insulin. Often, the doctor will only be able to release long-term insulin, but short-term insulin and long-term insulin may be needed.