Diabetes
Is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar caused by an imbalance in the insulin secretion (Insulin) or dysfunction in the work or both, and thus prevents the body from the proper utilization of energy in the food, which is usually through the process of metabolism or metabolism : Metabolism, where the body naturally breaks the sugars and carbohydrates in the food to a molecule of sugar called Glucose (English: Glucose), which enters the cells of the body and provides the energy necessary to carry out the activities of the body daily, with the hormone insulin, Yas in the blood.
There are several diagnostic tests for diabetes, which are usually performed in specialized health centers, the most important of which is the cumulative sugar test (A1c), which checks the blood glucose level during the previous two or three months. There is no need to abstain from food and drink before work, Fasting Plasma Glucose, which tests blood glucose after fasting for food and drink, except for water for at least eight hours, usually done early in the morning, and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Blood sugar Before and after two hours of taking a sweet syrup for examination.
Types of diabetes
Type I Diabetes
Is an autoimmune disease in which the body forms antibodies that attack the cells of the pancreas responsible for the production of the hormone insulin known as beta cells and thus cause damage and damage to cells, which adversely affects the effectiveness of the pancreas, and it Insulin will not be manufactured in the body at all, or manufactured in small quantities. It is also called insulin-dependent diabetes, because treatment of this type must include injection of insulin in the layer of fat under the skin to control blood sugar, in addition to the need to pay attention to diet and exercise daily. Although type 1 diabetes can affect a person at any age, it is common in children and people younger than 30 years of age and may be associated with genetic factors.
Diabetes Type II
Pregnancy diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a high blood sugar level during pregnancy and is often diagnosed in the middle or end of pregnancy. This is due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, which affect the work of insulin, which may cause simple resistance to insulin, Blood sugar levels rise. In the early stages of pregnancy, the fetus needs more sugar to reach the mother’s blood through the placenta. Therefore, it is necessary to control the level of sugar in the pregnant woman to protect the fetus and to ensure the safety of its growth and development, where gestational diabetes poses a danger to the fetus in terms of gaining weight in an abnormal manner before Birth and respiratory problems at birth, as well as the risk of diabetes and obesity during later life. Blood sugar levels usually return to normal after birth, but the mother who has gestational diabetes has a greater chance of developing Type 2 diabetes during her life, whether within weeks or years after birth.
Symptoms of high diabetes
Symptoms of mild rise in diabetes level
These symptoms appear if blood sugar levels remain above the target, ie between 200 and 350 mg / dl for adults and between 200 and 240 mg / dl for children.
Symptoms of moderate and severe elevation in diabetes level
These symptoms occur if the sugar levels continue to rise, where they are higher than 350 mg / g at adults or higher than 240 mg / dl in children.
- Blurred vision.
- Extreme thirst.
- Feeling dizzy.
- Feel dry skin, reddish and warm.
- Insomnia, drowsiness or difficulty getting up.
- Breathing fast and deep.
- Rapid heart rate and weak pulse.
- The same scent is similar to the smell of fruits.
- Loss of appetite and abdominal pain with the possibility of vomiting.
- If the sugar levels continue to rise, the patient may feel confused, confused and lazy.
- In cases of acute elevation the patient may lose consciousness.
Causes of high diabetes
Diabetes may increase due to one of the following reasons:
Treatment of high diabetes
Your doctor may recommend the following to treat diabetes:
- Drink enough water to get rid of excessive sugar through urine and to avoid dehydration.
- Increase the exercise rate after asking the doctor about the appropriate sports for the patient.
- Changing eating habits in terms of quality and quantity through a nutritionist.
- Change diabetes medication, its quantity or time taken by your doctor.
Some complications of diabetes
Accumulation of blood sugar may damage small capillaries present in the kidneys, eyes, heart and nervous system, especially when neglecting treatment of the disease. Therefore, diabetes may lead to the following complications in the long run: