Diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a chronic health problem that affects the body’s ability to use and exploit energy in food. The body breaks down the carbohydrates and sugars found in the food to glucose glucose in the normal state. Glucose is the source of energy in the cells of the body, but the cells of the body need insulin In the blood to take advantage of existing glucose and convert it into energy, and in the cases of diabetes may be the body is unable to excrete insulin in sufficient quantities, or that it is unable to exploit the insulin that is secreted, or may meet these problems together.
Types of diabetes
j There were three main types of diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetis: Is an autoimmune disease that occurs because the body attacks the cells of the pancreas, which leads to the inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin, usually occurs at a young age, and may be caused by the presence of genetic readiness of the patient, or because of disruption of cells produced Of the insulin in the pancreas, beta cells (Beta Cells of Pancreas), and is treated by the use of insulin.
- Type 2 Diabetis: This type of diabetes is more moderate than the first type, but nevertheless it can cause serious complications, and this type often occurs on older ages, and in cases of type II diabetes may produce the body insulin hormone but the quantity is not enough compared to the needs The body, or body cells may resist this hormone, can be controlled by weight loss, proper nutrition, exercise, and eating certain types of medications.
- Gestational diabetes (Gestational Diabetis): Pregnancy triggers the occurrence of this type of diabetes, and is usually diagnosed in the middle of pregnancy or end, and most of the time does not cause this type of diabetes in the occurrence of symptoms, and in cases where symptoms may occur symptoms are simple and light, such as increased thirst and urination, The risk of developing a child’s risk of developing a child’s respiratory problems, or abnormal weight increase, which makes it difficult to conceive, and increase the likelihood of a child suffering from diabetes during the next life. Obesity and a family history of diabetes may increase the chances of developing the disease.
Symptoms of diabetes
There are many symptoms associated with diabetes of different types, and detailed as follows:
Symptoms of diabetes common between type I and II
The symptoms of diabetes are caused by an abnormality beyond the normal limit of glucose in the blood. The symptoms of the disease may be so mild that they can only be observed after long-term damage due to the disease. This is especially true in type 2 diabetes. The first of diabetes symptoms are more severe and accelerated in days or weeks, and the following symptoms common occurrence between the first type and the second:
- Feelings of hunger and exhaustion, where the body converts the food consumed to the sugar glucose needed by the body to energy, but because of the lack of secretion of the body to sufficient amounts of insulin or because of the resistance of the body’s cells to insulin the body will not be able to use glucose to produce energy, and thus cause the feeling of fatigue and hunger Out of the ordinary.
- Increased urination and thirst. The body normally recovers glucose glucose when it passes through the kidneys. However, in cases of diabetes and high blood sugar, the kidneys are unable to re-absorb all the amount of glucose present, thus increasing the amount of urine, thus increasing the need for fluids. And increase the sense of thirst.
- Dry mouth and itching in the skin, and this occurs because of the body’s use of fluids in the composition of urine, causing the lack of moisturizing the rest of the body, where the patient may experience the occurrence of dehydration in the body (Dehydration), and cause dry skin feeling itching.
- Blurred vision, where fluid disturbance in the body can cause the lens to swell, which may lead to loss of concentration.
Symptoms associated with Type I diabetes
There are symptoms associated with type I diabetes only, including the following:
- Loss of weight is unplanned. This loss of weight may occur even though the diet is not changed due to the inability of the body to obtain energy from the food, and thus the body begins to burn and use fat and muscle to produce the energy it needs.
- Nausea and vomiting. Fat burning of the body causes ketones to build up in the blood and cause illness. This can lead to a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis.
Symptoms Associated With Type II Diabetes
For symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes, they are as follows:
- Yeast Infections and Yeast Infections: Yeast feeds on glucose growth, so increasing the amount of blood glucose and the body will increase its growth. This type of inflammation can occur in any warm and moist fold in the skin such as areas between the fingers Hands, feet, around the genitals, etc. These infections may occur in women or men.
- Slow healing of wounds and scarring, and pain and numbness in the feet, these events occur as a result of the high blood sugar level over time on the flow of blood and thus damage and damage to the nerves.
Diagnosis of Diabetes
The following tests are used to diagnose diabetes:
- Glycosylated hemoglobin (Glycosylated hemoglobin), a glycosylated hemoglobin test, measures the blood glucose level associated with hemoglobin. It measures blood sugar within two to three months, and the higher the amount of sugar in the blood, the greater the proportion of hemoglobin associated with it. Reading with a value of 6.5% or more is a standard for diagnosis of diabetes, provided that the examination is performed in a laboratory according to specific calibration conditions.
- Random blood sugar, where a blood sample is taken at random time regardless of the time of the last meal, and 200 mg / dL or more is considered a diagnosis of diabetes in cases where there are conventional symptoms of high sugar.
- Fasting blood sugar in which a blood sample is taken after calorie abstinence for at least eight hours. A reading of 126 milligrams / deciliter is more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes.