Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease that has been known since ancient history. It was known by the Greek physician Eretaus in 200 BC, where he noticed the most common manifestations of some patients, such as thirst and frequent urination. This phenomenon was called “poly” and “Latin” Willis in 1675, where he noted that the urine and blood of the patient had a sweet taste and called the disease Diabetts Meltus meaning diabetes, and in 1889 and discovered the world Joseph Von pancreatic relationship with diabetes.
Diabetes is currently one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world, whether it is an advanced scientist or a developing world, and this disease affects all categories of society, whether rich or poor, man or woman, child or elderly.
Definition of diabetes
This is an imbalance in the process of burning, which occurs sugar in the body, which is called metabolism of sugar and this leads to a high level of glucose in the blood and the process occurs as a result of dysfunction in the pancreas and insulin secretion of them, and insulin is a hormone produced by cells in the pancreas called Beta cells are scattered all over the pancreas in the form of islands called the islands of Langerhans, the function of insulin is to burn sugar and turn it into an energy that works on the body’s duties.
Method of diagnosis of diabetes
- By measuring blood sugar is as follows:
- The glucose content of the blood after fasting from 8 to 12 hours is more than 126 mg / dl.
- The glucose content after two hours of 75 grams is more than 200 mg / dl.
- If the blood sugar (random measurement) is more than 200 mg / dl, with a symptom.
- By measuring the cumulative percentage of sugar in the body is in the laboratory, if more than 6.5% here have diabetes.
Types of diabetes
Type I diabetes
This type is dependent on insulin in the treatment (IDDM) and show symptoms of this type at an early age, usually affects children and adults for the age of thirty or less, the cause of this type of diabetes is lack and lack of insulin due to damage in most and all beta cells, and this type responds only To inject insulin.
Reasons for Type I:
- The immune system in the body attacks these cells. Beta cells are meant to be destroyed and until now the cause has not been identified.
- The genetic factor by the father or mother is the cause of the emergence of this type of disease.
- Infection with a specific type of virus, such as the rubella virus or the virus of Cox saki, and these viruses caused the destruction of beta cells.
- Sex and race, has a major role in the infection of this type, as the sex of northern Europe suffers more than others.
Type I symptoms:
- Great thirst.
- Many urination and frequent.
- Large loss of weight.
- Unusual openness to appetite.
- Visibility and blurring of vision.
- General exhaustion and tiredness throughout the body.
- Very slow healing wounds and ulcers.
Note: Symptoms of this type appear suddenly and gradually over a short period of time.
Diabetes Type II
Is an insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), which is considered adult diabetes, which usually affects the patient after the age of forty years, the most common type among diabetics and the prevalence of all diabetics is about 90%. The result is a decrease in the proportion of simple and relative insulin in the pancreas gland, which is not commensurate with the amount of carbohydrates that need a greater proportion of insulin to burn and therefore an increase in blood sugar, depends on this type of pills to lower the level of sugar in the blood and diet Food.
Reasons for the second type:
- The factor of heredity, whether on the father’s or mother’s side.
- Age and age factors, where the disease usually affects people over 40 years of age.
- Excessive obesity factor especially for those who have large fat around the abdomen.
- Lack of movement and lack of exercise and activity and lethargy.
Type II symptoms:
- General and severe fatigue that affects the body.
- Frequent and persistent nausea.
- Extreme thirst and abnormal.
- Frequent urination and frequent urination in short periods.
- Dryness in the mouth area and especially the lips.
- Weight decreases but very slowly.
- Disturbing vision especially when reading process.
- The incidence of infections and several infections, especially in the bladder in men and vagina in women.
- Symptoms appear in this type slowly and gradually.
Type III diabetes
It is said to have secondary diabetes, and this type occurs because of a bug in the body and disappear with the demise.
Reasons for Type III:
- Inflammation occurs in the pancreas, whether chronic or transient.
- Some tumors may infect the renal gland.
- Having a malignant pancreas in the pancreas leads to complete pancreatic resection.
- Some diseases that may affect the endocrine system such as Kuching syndrome.
- This disease also occurs as a result of taking some drugs such as cortisone.
Type IV is a gestational sugar
This type affects some pregnant women, especially women of African descent and Latin America, and women are usually cured by birth.
Causes of Type IV Gestational Diabetes:
- Obesity and especially excessive parasites.
- If there is a previous injury.
- Genetic and family factors in this type of diabetes.