Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that affects the body’s ability to extract energy from sugar from food. The body needs the insulin hormone to regulate the entry of sugar into cells. In diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the body can no longer benefit from it. Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. According to the 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) surveys, about 8.5% Who are over 18 years of age in the world and is directly responsible for the death of about 1.6 million people in 2015.
The natural sugar of the diabetic
The average natural sugar in a healthy person’s body is between 4-6 mmol / l when fasting, equivalent to 72-108 mg / dL, and may reach 7.8 mmol / l after two hours of eating, equivalent to 140 mg / dl. In diabetics, blood sugar levels should be maintained between 4-7 mmol / l, equivalent to 72-126 mg / dl, and should not exceed 9 mmol / l, or 162 mg / dl after meals. It is very important to monitor the level of sugar in the blood for diabetes, and maintain them within these rates by different treatment methods and diet appropriate to avoid the occurrence of many complications of high blood sugar level, such as kidney disease (Kidney disease), and damage Nerve damage, Retinal disease, Heart disease, and Stroke.
Types of diabetes
There are three main types of diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes: Type 1 diabetes It is also called insulin-dependent diabetes, an autoimmune disease. When antibodies attack and destroy pancreatic cells, they can no longer produce insulin. The patient often suffers from childhood, so it is also called juvenile diabetes.
- Type 2 Diabetes: This type is most of the cases of diabetes, or nearly 95% of cases detected in adults, and the pancreas secreted amounts of insulin, but may be in this type of small amounts, or may be the cells of the body is resistant to insulin, and the second type of diabetes less Severity of the first type, but it may cause serious complications on the patient’s life. People with obesity are highly susceptible to this type of infection because of their so-called insulin resistance.
- Gestational Diabetes: It is a case of diabetes that appears during pregnancy, and is often detected in the middle or late pregnancy, and the incidence of this type between 2% and 10% of loads, it is worth mentioning that gestational diabetes affects the mother and fetus; The risk of developing the second type of diabetes later in life, and in about 10% of cases, and the damage to the fetus is more serious, such as excessive weight gain before birth, suffering from breathing problems, in addition to increasing the chance of diabetes and obesity in His life.
Symptoms of diabetes
Diabetes causes the patient to suffer from many symptoms such as feeling thirsty and extreme hunger, and may increase appetite to the food, but also suffers from weight loss, and may suffer from frequent urination, dry mouth, and feeling tired and tired constantly, as well as may suffer from blurred vision, Numbness in the hands and feet, dryness of the skin and the feeling of itching. It is worth mentioning that the patient may suffer from slow swelling wounds and ulcers, in addition to recurrence of infection fungal. The risk of diabetes increases if there is a family history of the disease. It is also common in certain races, such as African Americans, indigenous peoples of North and South America, increased chance of developing diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, Drinking alcohol, suffering from autoimmune diseases, damage to the pancreas, and taking medications such as steroids, and in pregnancy.
Treatment of diabetes
Diabetes treatment aims to control the level of sugar in the blood within normal rates, to prevent complications. Treatment varies by type of diabetes as follows:
- Treatment of the first type of diabetes: This includes taking the insulin hormone in the form of injection, and there are several types, such as fast acting insulin, which starts in five minutes, in addition to the normal insulin that works within 30 minutes, as well as insulin, the average effect, which begins to reduce the level of sugar in the blood during the duration Ranging from 2 to 4 hours, and long-acting insulin that begins to effect within 6 to 10 hours. It is also necessary to exercise, avoid soft drinks and foods high in simple carbohydrates and hydrogenated fats.
- Treatment of Type II Diabetes: Patients are advised to lose weight and exercise, as well as to follow the appropriate diet, and the medicines given to treat this type vary depending on the role played, some of which increases the secretion of insulin from the pancreas, or reduce the amount of sugar produced from the liver, as well as increasing response Insulin cells, inhibition of carbohydrate absorption of small intestine. These include Repaglinide, Nateglinide, Sulfonylureas, and others. In the absence of these drugs, insulin therapy is used.