paranasal sinuses
Sinuses are empty cavities found in the bones of the skull and vary in size. The lining of these cavities consists of a soft, pinkish mucous membrane. The skull bones contain four main groups of sinuses, including the maxillary sinuses, Which are found in the cheek bones. These sinuses are the largest sinuses, the sphenoid sinuses located behind the nose, the frontal sinuses located in the middle of the front of the head, and the sinusoidal sinuses (ethmoid sinuses) Between the eyes, lies the sinus function Yeh in the heating and air moisturizing which breathe human, improve sound quality, and is drained sinuses through the nose through a small channel called meatus East (in English: Middle Meatus).
Sinusitis
Sinusitis is a common condition that causes inflammation and swelling in the lining of the sinuses, which leads to the filling of empty cavities that make up the sinuses with fluid. This can lead to the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which in turn cause sinus infections. .
Treatment of sinusitis
Because the cause of sinusitis is mostly infection of the virus; the inflammation disappears on its own, but the symptoms can be mitigated using the following:
Home remedies
The following tips can be applied at home to relieve the symptoms of sinusitis:
Pharmacological treatments
These medications can be used to relieve symptoms of sinusitis:
- Decongestant: Anticonvulsants can be obtained without a prescription or prescription, and are available in the form of liquid or pills or aerosols, and should be used anti-congestion for several days only, as long use of these drugs to increase congestion.
- Bronchial nasal spray: Used to clean nasal passages to help relieve congestion.
- Nasal corticosteroids: These drugs help prevent and treat sinusitis. Examples include fluticasone, budesonide, mometasone, beclomethasone, .
- Over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin.
- Antibiotics. Antibiotics are prescribed if inflammation is severe and worsens over time.
- Immunotherapy If a person is allergic to sinusitis, immunotherapy can help reduce the body’s response to allergens.
Causes of Sinusitis
The following conditions can lead to infection of the person with sinusitis:
- Common cold is the most common cause of common sinusitis.
- Nasal polyps.
- Deflection of the nasal septum (Deviated septum).
- Immune system disorders, such as Acquired Immune Deficiency (Syndrome) (AIDS).
- Cystic fibrosis.
- Hay fevers, known as Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.
- Smoking and infection.
Types of sinusitis
Sinusitis is divided into several types depending on the duration of the inflammation, as follows:
- Acute sinusitis: The infection lasts for about four weeks.
- Sub-acute sinusitis: Inflammation lasts from 4 to 12 weeks.
- Chronic Sinusitis: Inflammation lasts up to 12 weeks or more, and can last longer than several months or several years.
- Recurrent sinusitis: Where the patient suffers several episodes of infections in the same year.
Symptoms of sinusitis
Symptoms of acute sinusitis
A person is diagnosed with acute sinusitis when he or she suffers from heavy yellow or green discharge from the nose or when he or she suffers from two of the following symptoms:
Symptoms of chronic sinusitis
People suffering from chronic sinusitis suffer from the following symptoms for more than 12 weeks:
- Facial congestion.
- Clogged nose.
- Pus in the nasal cavity.
- Fever
- Runny nose.
- Headaches.
- Bad breath.
- Fatigue and tiredness.
- Toothache.
Diagnosis of sinusitis
Diagnosis of sinusitis depends mainly on the symptoms of the patient, the signs of the disease observed by the doctor during the clinical examination, and signs of disease that may be noticed by the doctor redness and swelling of the lining of the nasal passages, and swelling around the eyes and cheeks, and the presence of pus in the nasal passages , As well as the patient’s pain when the doctor click on the front area and cheeks, and the doctor can resort to some ways to help diagnose sinuses and the exclusion of other diseases, including the following:
- Rhinoplasty.
- Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are required to ensure that there are no complications or complications from sinusitis.
- Nasal and sinus cultures are used if the treatment is not successful in treating the infection. In agriculture, the cause can be determined, especially if the infection is the cause of sinusitis.