Thyroid
It is the largest endocrine system in the body, located in the front of the neck, which is responsible for the process (metabolism); it is the metabolism of the body. The thyroid gland works through the hormones that secrete it. Iodine is the primary factor in the production of these hormones, and is abundant in water and food. Hypothyroidism is the condition in which the gland is not active enough, and produces a small amount of several hormones or hormone.
Thyroid gland excretes thyroid hormones. These hormones are responsible for the chemical processes in the body (metabolism). These hormones affect the processes of demolition and construction by pushing almost all the tissues in the body to manufacture proteins by increasing the amount of oxygen burned by the cells, so it speeds up the work of the body organs when the cells are under pressure and difficult conditions, and the lack of thyroid hormones slow the functions of the body generally.
Thyroid is the only part of the body that absorbs iodine into its cells, where it benefits from the production of thyroid hormones. The thyroid produces three types of hormones: thyroxine (T4), 80 percent of hormones, and triodotirin (T3), about 19 percent. The remainder is calcitonin, which regulates calcium levels in blood.
The iodine is absorbed and combined with the amino acid tyrosine to manufacture the hormones T3 and T4, to send them in the blood to the rest of the cells of the body to regulate their metabolic processes. Thyroid secretions are regulated by a part of the brain called hypothalamus, which secures the absolute factor of the thyroid hormone TRH, To stimulate the secretion of the hormone stimulating the TSH, which in turn stimulates the gland to secretion of hormones, and this process is organized by the concentration of thyroid hormones T3, T4 negative feedback process, the mechanism is that when the amount of hormones in blood increases more Absolute and stimulating thyroid hormones.
Thyroid inflammation
The thyroid attacks inflammation like other glands of the body. The inflammation appears in the form of symptoms that vary according to the cause. It can be painful and swollen when the cause of the infection is infection or a blow, or swollen without pain when caused by an immune disease or the use of certain medications. Some of which lead to excessive secretion of the gland or a decrease in secretion.
And inflammation of the gland several types, the most famous of which are:
- Hashimoto disease.
- Acute subcutaneous granular thyroid.
- Post – pregnancy thyroid.
- Lymphatic lymphoma.
- Drug-induced thyroiditis.
- Inflammation of the gland is usually divided into three stages: hyper-secretion and then idle gland, and then return to normal.
Some gland infections lead to increased secretion of the hormone, leads to excessive gland, and then do not keep a lot of hormones secreted, leading to thyroid deficiency.
Middle-aged women are most susceptible to glandular infections, yet some types of inflammation occur equally between women and men. In some cases, the patient who is treated with gonaditis can develop hypothyroidism years later.
Hypothyroidism
When the thyroid gland does not secrete enough thyroid hormone – thyroxine – it does a lot of tasks that affect growth. This condition is often more common in women and increases their appearance with age, especially over 60 years. Rarely, symptoms are produced at the onset of the disease, but as the disease progresses, several symptoms result from imbalances in the body’s metabolism.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary from person to person depending on the patient’s condition, age, and weight. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent constipation and abnormal weight gain despite poor appetite ; Even after the use of a regular diet refers to the low level of the gland that produces a rise in weight.
- General fatigue and the body’s feeling of fatigue and constant fatigue , Some patients can not do their daily work without a nap or a short break, and unwillingness to do business as well.
- Feeling cold , And inability to tolerate cold weather; if you suffer from sudden cold can be due to disorders of thyroid secretion, which disrupts the ability to regulate the temperature of the body.
- Hair fall and peel and dry skin ; Often associated with hair loss unjustified thyroid gland, and lack of secretion hormone gland causes hair loss from the head and eyebrows also, in addition to the hair becomes dry and rough.
- Slow thinking and concentration , And the inability to conclude.
- Muscle weakness , And difficult to move well; even the patient with hypothyroidism has difficulty climbing the stairs and the difficulty of reaching the arm above the head.
- Slow heartbeat , Arrhythmias, swelling of the neck, a difference in sound and snoring when sleeping due to swelling in the neck.
the reasons
The reason for hypothyroidism lies in the pituitary gland or a brain problem. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is chronic thyroid lymphoma (Hashimoto), a disease caused by the body through the production of antibodies attacking the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism is caused by several disorders, including:
- Lymphatic thyroiditis.
- Hypothyroidism occurs as a result of a side-view of certain drugs
- Pituitary gland problems.
- Thyroiditis attributed to Lashimoto disease.
- Thyroid dysfunction.
- Severe lack of iodine.
the cure
Treatment of hypothyroidism is relatively simple, often by taking an alternative pill of thyroxine (T4) once every day to compensate for its activity, which is difficult for the body to produce. The medication is taken gradually. Patients go to alternative medicine to treat the problem sometimes, but there are no proven and successful solutions in this area. Leaving hypothyroidism without proper treatment increases the severity of the disease, but worsens to a state of multiple malfunction.
Side effects of hypothyroidism
Symptoms of thyroid disease are unknown in most patients and can result from many other conditions. The symptoms commonly known are fatigue, increased weight gain, and difficulty in weight reduction; because thyroid hormones work hard to maintain metabolic balance. The more noticeable these symptoms become, the more difficult the situation becomes to the extent of loss of consciousness and heart damage
Hyperthyroidism
Which is an increase in the secretion of the hormones of the gland, and has two main reasons: the occurrence of tumors or polycystic, and the second cause of immunoglobulin is the disease (Greves), which occurs due to an imbalance in the immune system, causing a disruption in thyroid activity.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are numerous, resulting from increased metabolism in the body including:
- high blood pressure.
- Sudden weight loss.
- Clear acceleration of the heartbeat.
- Psychological tensions and psychological discomfort; even after the use of sedative drugs, and high secretion of the gland has a clear effect of secretion of serotonin in the brain, through which the patient passes mood variability.
- Persistent diarrhea.
- Significant hair loss.
- Excessive body sweating due to unstable body temperature and blood flow.
the reasons
Common causes of hyperthyroidism include:
- Excessive intake of iodine-containing foods such as fish, asparagus, pistachios, garlic, whole grains and sesame.
- Graves’ disease is caused by the appearance of antibodies against the hormone receptor of the thyroid.
- Excess secretion of thyroid hormone (TSH); secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone TSH through the pituitary gland, which stimulates the gland to produce thyroid hormones, causing the tumor or any problem of pituitary gland secretion of excessive amount of hormone stimulating TSH, which results in hyperactivity Thyroid.
- Thyroid inflammation; usually occurs due to viral disease and the patient can suffer from neck pain, chills, fever, and thyroiditis cause the secretion of a large amount of thyroid hormone to the body; which causes hyperthyroidism.
- When thyroid tissues grow excessively, they appear as large, swollen regions of the neck near the Adam’s apple. These thyroid hormones excessively produce thyroid hormone, causing hyperthyroidism.
- Hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism occurs when a large amount of thyroid medication is taken and if the dose is not adjusted it will lead to hyperthyroidism.
the cure
Pulsation and rapid heartbeat are one of the most common symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Where the patient feels the acceleration of heartbeat and feel every pulse is a feeling of discomfort to the patient. The use of beta blockers is the main treatment for this disease, a type of high blood pressure medicines that slow the pace of the heart rate, does not affect the level of thyroid hormone in the blood, and treatment of the main cause is the final solution for the patient, such as surgery to eradicate the tumor or radioactive iodine to control and kill Part of the gland cells.