Orthopedic surgery

Bone structure and types

Bone is divided into three main types: long bones, short bones, and flat bones, where the long bones are composed of cartilage, It is transformed into bone by endochondral ossification, and these bones vary in size.

The long bones consist of the main parts, the epiphysis, the endings of the bones, and the epiphyseal plate, which is responsible for the longitudinal growth of the skeleton and therefore responsible for the length and strength of the person, as well as the metaphysis ), Which is often the area where the tendons are linked to the bone and the diaphysis, which is mediated by the long bone and consists of thick cortical bone, the type that is the outer layer of most bones and is hard and strong in its composition and constitutes 80% Weight of a The leg bone contains the least amount of Trabecular bone, the type of bone that is denser, stronger and less rigid than the thick cortical bone. It contains irregular cavities containing the bone marrow, also called spongiform bone.

The short bones are also composed of cartilage, but they take different forms and functions. The flat bones are of a completely different origin. They are not composed of cartilage origin, but are made up of mesenchymal tissue sheets, In the extracellular tissue containing proteins and fluids, and play an important role in the origin and development of body building and installation during the embryonic stage.

Bone stretch surgery is used for some cases where the length of one of the lower extremities is abnormally short. This may be due to improper bone healing after a fracture, especially when several fractures occur in the bone, or due to some inflammation and infection in the bone. , Or due to bone diseases such as neurofibromatosis, and some cases that may cause arthritis in the growth period such as juvenile arthritis, etc., and may also be used with people who are short Tall, This surgery consists of several stages of operation, has many risks, in addition to the need for a long period of recovery, and can increase the length of the bones as much as up to six inches, and are conducted under the influence of general anesthesia without feeling pain through Perform the operation.

How to do bone augmentation surgery

The surgery is performed by cutting the bone to be lengthened. Metal screws or clips are attached to the bone through the skin at the top and bottom of the cut. The wounds are closed by sutures and stitches. An external metal device is placed on these clamps and screws to pull and remove the bone. Which is cut and separated very slowly, and this is done over months, where the removal of bone to form a space between the ends of the bone to be filled with new bone tissue, and when the completion and reach the length and bone healing, the metal screws are removed by another operation.

There is another technique for orthopedic surgery where the bone is cut to be lengthened, but a lengthening metal rod is implanted inside the patient’s bone. The length of the penis increases and it expands according to its response to the natural movements of the patient’s limbs. The longer the penis expands, the longer the bone is cut, A new bone in this vacuum, and provides the penis firmer and more based on the developing bone, and because of the absence of an external device in this technique, the patient is less prone to infection and infection, and this method reduces the psychological and physical problems and challenges that may be exposed to MATH compared to those that occur when you use the external device, and on the other hand, they may reduce the accuracy of the follow-up and control of bone growth rate and lengthened.

Special cases of orthopedic surgery

This process can be successful and safe in children and even adults between the ages of 20s and 50s, but it is important to take specialized care in children if they are to avoid damage to the growth plate. In some cases, where congenital short femur, the procedure is performed in two stages, because the children during their growth appear to have an unequal length more than the previous years, and this makes the doctor obliged to correct This blood of parity is on more than one stage of observation. It is very important that the patient has a great motivation. It plays an important and very effective role in maintaining the body that has been installed and modified on a daily basis, practicing physiotherapy, and regularly reviewing the doctor every ten days. Fourteen days during treatment, and others.

Risks of bone stretch surgery

The person may be exposed to some risks when conducting this operation, including the following:

An allergic reaction, breathing problems, bleeding or clots, or infection, may occur as a result of the use of narcotic drugs in the process.
Inflammation of the bone (Osteomyelitis).
Damage to blood vessels.
Nerve damage.
Do not heal the bone well.

Educate the patient after the operation

It is important to inform the patient that it is necessary to keep him in the hospital for a week or more after the process of bone growth, and depends on the length of survival device and the length of bone healing on the amount of lengthening bone to be achieved, as every centimeter one in the prolongation takes thirty-six days to heal, The doctor should also be aware of how to take care of the metal bolts and the clamps to prevent infection and infection. The examination of the skin color, temperature, and the sensitivity of the feet and fingers should be considered regularly due to the involvement of blood vessels , Skin, and muscles in this process, so as to prevent any damage to any of them or any damage to the nerves.