Thyroid
Thyroid gland is a butterfly-like gland located in front of the trachea, under the cartilage called Adam’s apple, and is about 5 cm in length. The thyroid gland consists of two lobules located on both sides of the trachea, often connected to a tissue called thyroid isthmus. The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system in the human body, the glands that manufacture, store, and then secrete hormones In the blood until it reaches the cells of the body.
The thyroid gland a significant role in regulating the metabolism in the body, which enable the body through which to take advantage of energy, through Ifrazha tripartite orthostatic wishes Altheronan (in English: (Triiodothyronine (T3) and Althairoxin (in English: (Thyroxine (T4), as the work of the thyroid gland on the exploitation of iodine extracted from the food to make these hormones. contribute to these hormones in regulating many of the biological processes in the human body, such as rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, body weight, and the functions of the peripheral nervous system, temperature, circulation monthly, the strength of muscles of the body, the level of Cholesterol, these hormones have been found to be necessary Of the growth of the brain is normal, especially in the first three years of human life. Requires the secretion of these hormones, many of the members of the body of work, as the hypothalamus part of the brain, Bafrazahermon absolute tonic thyroid, which works to secrete the hormone stimulant of the thyroid gland by gland Control pituitary, which in turn control secretes thyroid hormones, either an increase or reduction of production according to many of the data, so the low level of thyroid hormones in the body, stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete the hormone stimulant of the thyroid gland, which in turn ordered the thyroid gland Bzaa Its production of hormones, and gets the opposite in the case of the high level of thyroid hormones in the body.
Thyroid surgery
Many tests should be performed to determine the cause of thyroid disorder. The most prominent of these analyzes are as follows:
- Measuring thyroid stimulating hormone: The rate of this hormone in the blood in adults ranges from 0.5 to 6 μm / ml. This analysis is the best way to test thyroid function. The high level of this hormone in the blood indicates an imbalance in the blood. The hypothyroidism leads to decreased secretion of hormones, or so-called primary thyroid deficiency. This decline may also indicate damage to the pituitary gland that may result in secondary thyroid dysplasia. The low level of thyroid stimulating hormone indicates excess thyroid hormone secretion, or Hyperthyroidism is called hyperthyroidism.
- Measurement of thyroxine: The T4 hormone in the blood is in two forms, one linked to proteins, the other free to enter the various cells of the body. Measuring is more important in examining thyroid functions. The normal ratio of free thyroxin levels in the blood is between 0.7 and 1.9 ng / dl. The rate of the proportion is greater in those with hyperthyroidism, while in patients with laziness of the gland, blood levels are below the minimum, and linking the results of this analysis with the analysis of thyroid stimulating hormone is a precise method to check the functions of the thyroid gland.
- Thyroid trihydrate measurement: The normal range of T3 hormone in the blood ranges from 80-180 ng / dl in adults, and is important in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and its severity. It is used in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction, as it is the last hormone that breaks its levels in this case.
- Examination of thyroid antibodies: (Thyroid antibodies test), the immune system in the human body in some cases antibodies that attack the thyroid cells, and affect the secretion of hormones either increase or decrease, and helps measure the level of these antibodies in the body to detect some diseases that affect the gland Thyroidism is like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or autoimmune diseases.
- Analysis of radioactive iodine absorption: (Radioactive iodine uptake test). This test measures the level of thyroid activity in iodine absorption, which is used in the production of thyroxine. This indicates whether the gland is normal, absorbs the radioactive iodine and is active, or is slightly absorbed And be lazy.
Thyroid disorders
Like the rest of the body, the thyroid gland has diseases that affect its main functions and hormone secretion,
Affects the level of these hormones in the blood. Autoimmune diseases, in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid cells as foreign bodies, are the most common diseases that cause these imbalances. The most common imbalances are:
- Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, in which the patient experiences several symptoms such as fatigue, constant coldness, weight gain, low concentration, and depression.
- Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism is accompanied by several symptoms such as weight gain, heat intolerance, and anxiety.
It is worth mentioning that most of the disorders of thyroid hormone can be treated or reduced symptoms depending on the use of drugs on a daily basis, and in some other cases is not enough to rely on medicines.