Blood groups are eight types that are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies in blood plasma in the body, and antigens or antibodies stimulate the immune system if it is alien to Already present in the body. A class or a blood group varies from one person to another, but it is possible for a blood group to be similar to a group of people.
Based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B in the blood, blood classes are divided into four types:
- Blood Class A: Antigen A is found on the surface of red blood cells, and there is antibody B in the plasma
- Blood Class B: Antigen B is present on the surface of red blood cells, and the antibody A is present in the plasma
- Blood class AB: The antigen AB is present on the surface of red blood cells, and there are no antibodies in the plasma
- Blood class O: There are no antigens on the surface of red blood cells, and there is antibody B and antibody A in the plasma
Based on the presence or absence of a third antigen, Rh, a previous class is divided into two other types:
- Positive Category: If Rh is present on the surface of red cells, there is no antibody in the plasma.
- Negative Category: In the absence of an antigen Rh on the surface of red cells, but there is Rh antibody in the plasma.
Knowing the blood type in cases of blood transfusion to patients, where the categories are compatible with each other depending on the types of antigens and antibodies at the donor and donor, and here we are interested in the type of antigen at the donor and the type of antibody in the future, it is not permissible to transfer blood from someone who has an antigen B A person with an antibody B, which leads to an interaction between the two types of blood and therefore the occurrence of coagulation, and therefore death. The blood type (O) donor is a general donor for all other blood types because it does not contain antigens on red blood cells. AB is a common future for all other blood types (all other blood types are accepted as donors) because it does not contain Antibodies in his plasma blood. For the positive and negative categories, the positive category gives the positive and negative categories together, while the negative category gives the negative category only.
The blood bank is responsible for withdrawing blood units from blood donors and checking them for free of germs and viruses transmitted through the blood, which is responsible for conducting the necessary tests between donor blood and blood of the future to preserve the future life.