Cholera
Cholera is a contagious disease caused by cholera and some strains of the cholera. It produces the intestinal flora. This virus is transmitted to humans in different ways, either by contaminated food or contaminated water from people with cholera. It has long been believed that cholera is present primarily In humans, however, it has become evident that the aquatic environments are the repositories of bacteria. The cholera bacteria act on lining mucous membranes of the small intestine, causing excessive and severe diarrhea. Cholera is one of the fastest-growing diseases, leading to Low blood pressure of the healthy person can reach significant levels within one hour of onset of symptoms of the disease. Cholera may lead to the death of the infected person within three hours if the treatment is not accelerated and lead to death within 18 hours to several days If the injured person does not receive the necessary treatment. Africa has the highest incidence of cholera in the world, with a mortality rate of 5% of all cholera and less than 1% in other countries.
The origin of cholera
Cholera began to appear in seven stages. At each stage, the epidemic claimed the lives of millions in different countries around the world, but the cholera roots are likely to return to the Indian subcontinent in the Ganges, and then spread through trade to Russia and Western Europe and from Europe to America North and many other countries on all continents, but significantly decreased in these countries because of the development of water filtration processes and the existence of healthy ways to get rid of sewage and sewage, but it is still largely in developing countries because of the lack of technology to eliminate germs in drinking water.
Cholera Symptoms
- Severe diarrhea, and repeated diarrhea several times per day, resulting in the loss of many fluids, salts and important elements in the body, and in cases of very severe diarrhea, which may be the number of times that diarrhea from 10 to 20 times a day, and Sometimes accompanied by mucus and blood, and this leads to the loss of the patient to many of the body fluids and this leads to very large damage.
- It is high in temperature but does not have such a large rise, but may need to cool his body because the high temperature of the body for a long time leads to serious complications.
- Loss of many body fluids leads to dehydration, which can lead to renal failure, or death if treatment is not done as soon as possible.
- Vomit all the time, and when eating or drinking vomits directly and does not benefit the body from something which leads to the weakness of the body and humor.
- Severe pain in the abdomen may ease slightly after diarrhea, but pain is quickly restored and in many cases severe and intolerable.
- Drought caused by frequent diarrhea and vomiting leads to renal failure in less than one day in critical cases that are neglected.
Methods of prevention
Many health practices protect the cholera epidemic. The significant development of filtration and filtration processes has reduced cholera, but this does not preclude taking the necessary measures to prevent infection. Prevention methods are:
- Water sources: Any water that is not known should not be taken. The water must be clean; it is known that the water has no color, no smell, no taste, and if water is otherwise, it may be contaminated and should not be taken.
- Sterilization: All the materials we use should be sterilized, especially if there is someone close to us. Care should be taken to sterilize all that we use and sterilize the clothes by washing them with hot water and chlorine, and by constantly sterilizing the hands that touch one of the patients or someone close to him. With soap and water or using antiseptic disinfectants and many of the widespread species.
- Wastewater: Wastewater and sewage must be treated in ways that do not harm the environment. This can be done through the use of chlorine, ozone or ultraviolet radiation. Treatment must be prior to the arrival of wastewater to the rivers and groundwater used for drinking.
- Avoid patients: People with cholera should be kept away from the disease so that the disease can not be transmitted through contact with them or using some of their tools. If a family member has been infected, it should be isolated in a particular place and be careful not to deal with it.
- Purification of water: Water must be purified in different ways to ensure that it is free from bacteria and bacteria that cause diseases, either by boiling, using chlorine or using filters that filter water from micro-bacteria. Water must be purified especially in areas with a high incidence of cholera. Effective and protects against diseases, especially cholera.
Methods of Treatment
The treatment is to give patients a solution of sugar and salt. This method is called oral rehydration therapy because it is given by mouth. This method is used. And in the case of severe cholera, the patient is injected intravenously with the necessary fluids. In addition, the patient takes some of the antibiotics that Help shorten the duration of the disease and challenge It is simple and easy to treat. Tetracycline is used as an essential antibiotic. Some antibiotics have proven to be effective, such as doxycylline, erythromycin, furazolidone, etc. Antibiotics reduce body loss of fluids by reducing diarrhea and vomiting, Cholera and cholera have been shown to be resistant to antibiotics. However, a new generation of antibiotics has been found to be effective against cholera, and it is important to have a certain method of treatment and speed, which depends on the success of the treatment. Cholera has a mortality rate of less than 1%, and if not treated, the mortality rate increases to 50-60%, which is very high.
Recent epidemiological studies indicate that individuals are at risk of contracting cholera and many more diarrheal infections, according to the blood type. Research has indicated that the blood type O is the most susceptible to the cholera epidemic, and the AB species have the ability to resist cholera, A and B, where research has shown that type A has more resistance than type B.