Red blood cells
Red blood cells or red blood cells are one of the components of blood; they give blood its red-colored color, which is a non-nucleus with a disc shaped form and is concave. Its function in the blood is to transfer oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; And other harmful gases from the organs to the lungs to take out in the exhalation, and because the membrane flexible can pass through the capillaries even in the narrowest.
Red blood cells are produced in the red blood cells in large bones, unlike the white blood cells produced in the bone marrow. The cells live for about one hundred and twenty days and then regenerate. The old pellets go to break down in the liver and spleen; they emerge from the liver with the bile, The normal state of the red blood cells is four to five million cells, which are different in men and women. They are lower in women, with an average of 4.5 million, but if the number exceeds this limit, it may be abnormal .
High red blood cells
Which is an increase in the level of red blood cells in the blood by an increase in hematocrit (hematocrit: the ratio of the size of the red blood cells to the total blood volume), or hemoglobin (hemoglobin: a protein responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood), or The number of red blood cells above their normal limits and the diagnosis is as follows:
- Hematocrit is greater than 48% in women and 52% in men.
- Hemoglobin greater than 16.5 g / dL in women or hemoglobin level greater than 18.5 g / dL in men.
Causes of high erythrocyte counts
The causes of redulence can be divided into two main categories: Primary redolence is an increase in red blood cells due to problems in the process of red blood cell production, and secondary redulence that usually occurs as a reaction to external factors or conditions that promote red blood cell production and are more common than primary , And the most important of these reasons:
- Primary rheumatic fever:
- Phytohemia (PV) is a disease associated with a genetic mutation in the JAK2 gene. It is thought to increase the sensitivity of bone marrow cells to erythropytes with the knowledge that its quantity is normal or even less than normal, leading to increased red blood cell production, Increase the levels of other types of blood cells (white blood cells and platelets) in this case.
- Congenital primary familial hypercholesterolaemia (PFCP) is a tumor-related disease in the EPOR gene that causes increased red blood cell production.
- Secondary hyperthyroidism: Unlike primary, the concentration of erythropoietin hormone is high in this group due to long-term oxidative hypoxia, red cell abnormalities that weaken the oxygen delivery mechanism of cells, or tumors that release this hormone frequently.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
- Pulmonary hypertension.
- Deficiency syndrome.
- Congestive heart failure.
- Sleep Apnea.
- Weak blood flow to the kidneys.
- Living in highlands due to lack of oxygen in the atmosphere.
- Smoking.
- Liver Cancer.
- Kidney cancer.
- Adrenal gland tumors.
- Cervical cancer.
- Some kidney diseases such as kidney cysts or kidney blockage.
- Exposure to carbon monoxide is chronic since hemoglobin has a higher affinity for carbon monoxide than oxygen.
- The newborn is exposed to intrauterine hypoxia for any reason.
- Drought: It is a transverse case in which the number of pellets is normal but its concentration is high due to lack of fluids.
- Stress, which causes erythrocyte stress, also known as pseudoproteinemia or gisbock syndrome, is seen in obese men who are treated with a diuretic medication for high blood pressure in middle age.
Symptoms and complications
The blood of the affected person is redder than the normal color, and the diagnosis can only be made by a laboratory analysis of a sample of blood in an accredited medical laboratory. It gives an accurate result of the number of red blood cells in the sample and compares them with the normal rate of the same age and physical structure, Some symptoms may appear on the person, such as weakness, tiredness, headache, itching, ease of bruising, joint pain, dizziness, abdominal pain, complications associated with increased red blood cells; heart and cerebral thrombosis, , Gastric ulcers and measles S kidney and leukemia (leukemia).
the cure
Treatment of this condition seems somewhat simple; but it needs to be consulted by a doctor. Treatment can be initiated by a blood donation, which is that the person donates blood but does not benefit from it, and it is destroyed. Aspirin or blood thinners, which help to prevent clots in the heart and brain. Some radioactive substances can be used to kill and remove excess cells. Treatment that does not require consultation with a doctor is to stop smoking when this condition is not present. The goal of the treatment is to maintain the number of red blood cells within the normal rate in humans; as well as a precautionary measure to prevent clots and bleeding of the infected person.