Urea
Urea is a chemical compound found in the human body in the blood and lymph, and is eliminated by the urine, where it is manufactured in the liver of amino acids and ammonia compounds, and urea is the waste that comes out of the body; whether originating from within the body itself or from As it either results from the breakdown of proteins as a result of the regeneration of the body’s tissues, or the removal of amino acids absorbed from food.
Urea is one of the most important metabolites of protein in the human body, and the high rate of urea in the blood is an indication of a problem in the body, where it is important to measure the proportion of urea in the blood in many health problems.
Uremia or uremia
Uremia or uremia means increasing the proportion of urea, creatinine and nitrogen compounds
Which is caused by the metabolism of amino acids and protein in the blood. It is known that the kidney is responsible for the disposal of body waste, regulating the ratio of electrolytes and body fluids and controlling them, and acid balance base in the body, in addition to the kidney responsible for the secretion of some hormones of the body, Any problems with the kidney and as a result of the inability of the kidney to perform its functions properly by disposing of these waste by expelling the urine outside the body, the urine returns from the waste to the bloodstream, and when the levels of these substances in the blood to a toxic level, The body M. If the correct medical intervention is not carried out in a timely manner, the toxicity of the accumulation of these wastes in the bloodstream may lead to the death of the patient.
For multiple kidney functions, high urea levels in the blood are also accompanied by an imbalance in the body’s hormones, imbalances of the body’s fluids and electrolytes, and metabolic disturbances in the body.
the reasons
There are several reasons that can lead to uremia, perhaps the most important kidney problems, and the reasons that lead to uremia at the level of the following:
- Medications such as high doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or intravenous contrast materials given to patients for radiographs.
- Kidney failure.
- College Statistics.
- The kidney is exposed to kidney disease or deterioration due to chronic diseases such as diabetes and stress.
- Clogged renal artery.
- The non-renal causes of uremia can be:
- Counting the urinary tract.
- Prostate enlargement.
- Congestive heart failure.
- Bladder Cancer.
- Diabetes.
- Burns.
- Exhaustion and severe diarrhea.
- Severe drought.
- Hypovolemic shock.
Symptoms
If the patient has high urea in the blood, the symptoms of the patient may be vague and unclear, which may make the diagnosis difficult for the doctor, and because the disease is gradually worsening the patient may complain of symptoms are not specified, but in general can The patient suffering from high urea in the blood of the following:
The necessary tests
The diagnosis begins by knowing the symptoms of the patient, then the clinical examination of the patient in which the doctor may find signs of uremia, and laboratory tests that include urine examination, where the doctor may find red blood cells, or white, or protein, Blood levels of hemoglobin, platelet levels, blood serum, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood pH, and if there is any defect in creatinine levels in the blood, a glomerular filtration rate (GLomerular filtration rate) To see which stage of the failure The kidney has reached her patient.
In addition to the above tests, the doctor may ask for a TV image of the abdominal area to evaluate the condition of the kidney, and to search for any other signs that may help the diagnosis, such as obstruction of the ureter or bladder. Depending on the condition of the patient, the doctor may ask for a computerized section of the abdominal area There is a tumor, and the doctor asks this picture, especially if the patient is suffering from a change in mental state, the doctor may also resort to a magnetic resonance image; to evaluate the condition of the kidney, or to look for another cause led to uremia.
the cure
If the patient is diagnosed with uremia, the patient will be treated within 24 hours by giving intravenous fluids, or if he needs blood transfusion, he will be provided with the quantity he needs, in addition to giving the patient Dopamine medication to regulate blood pressure and cardiac output. In this case, the patient’s diet is regulated. The ureter should follow a low protein, low phosphorus and carbohydrate diet, in addition to missing iron if the patient suffers from anemia, and to replace water-soluble vitamins as vitamin C; Vitamins can be lost For treatment of acidity of blood, the doctor may prescribe tablets or bicarbonate solution, and medicines that the doctor may prescribe Calcitriol if there is a reduction in calcium level. If the patient is critical, and the patient suffers from chronic renal failure he may need kidney dialysis , And some kidney failure patients may require kidney transplant when a donor is available.