the college
Is in the human body member has a grain of beans is present in the abdominal region, and the function of blood and unloading of waste resulting from the metabolism as urine purification, regulate the concentration of ions in the body, such as potassium, sodium, phosphates, hydrogen and others. The kidney has great importance in regulating blood pressure and converting vitamin D to its active form in the body, as the kidney has an important role in regulating the pH of the body and production of red blood cells. The length of one kidney in the human body up to 4 inches, and width of incense, and thickness of one inch. One kidney weighs about 113-170 grams per adult.
Kidney failure
When the kidney fails to function, or renal function is impaired, it is called kidney failure. The inability of the kidney to perform its functions affects most parts of the body; the importance of functions performed by the kidneys. Kidney failure is divided into two types: acute and chronic.
Acute renal failure
Is the occurrence of kidney failure functions suddenly, leading to a defect in most organs of the body; the importance of vital functions performed by the kidneys. Acute renal failure can occur within a few hours, or occurs over a few days or weeks. Acute renal failure requires intensive medical attention, but fortunately the kidneys can be returned to their proper condition if the medical intervention is timely, adequate and appropriate.
the reasons
Acute renal failure occurs because of many things including:
- The college is hit or injured.
- The kidney is exposed to inflammation or chemical toxins, such as large amounts of drugs, especially antibiotics, such as methicillin, heavy metals, or cocaine addiction.
- Decreased blood volume through burns, dehydration or severe bleeding.
- Occlusion of urinary tract obstruction.
- Uremic hemolytic syndrome.
- All these causes lead to destruction of renal tubules either directly or indirectly by renal vessel contraction, leading to renal insufficiency. Drought and low blood pressure can lead to renal tubular renal insufficiency.
Symptoms
Patients with acute renal failure may have one of the following symptoms:
- Scarcity of urine.
- The swelling of the body due to lack of disposal of excess fluid, especially in the hands and feet.
- Diarrhea associated with blood.
- General fatigue.
- Nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite.
- Pain in the area of the kidney, ie at the waist.
- Hypertension.
- Chest pain or feeling of something pressing on the chest.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis Diagnosis can be based on the patient’s symptoms and clinical examination, but there are several tests necessary to diagnose acute renal failure, including:
- Collect urine sample for 24 hours.
- Analysis of urine sample.
- Kidney function analysis.
- blood analysis.
- Blood chemistry test.
- Blood creatinine ratio.
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (Glomerular Filtration Rate).
- Creatinine clearance.
- Ultrasonic image of the kidney.
- A cross section of the college.
the cure
Because many causes lead to acute renal failure, treatment is a causative therapy. Since renal failure is a kidney failure to perform its normal functions, the aim of the treatment here first is to save the patient’s life if his condition is critical and then try to restore the kidney function to its normal functions. Fluids by giving urinary diuretics, controlling and limiting fluid entering the patient’s body, as well as attention to the patient’s diet. The patient should follow a diet rich in carbohydrates, low protein, salts and potassium.
If any inflammation is found, the patient should be given an antibiotic, and the doctor can also prescribe an antibiotic to prevent the patient from any possible infections. If there is an imbalance in the ions in the body must be followed the correct approach in the treatment of ion imbalance ratio; for example, if there is an increase in the proportion of potassium in the blood must be given the patient insulin and calcium. If the amount of calcium in the blood is less than normal, the patient should be supplied with calcium. A doctor may resort to a patient’s kidney wash to expel accumulated toxins in the body.
Chronic renal failure
Chronic renal failure means the progress and continuity of the kidney loss of ability to perform functions but gradually over a period of time extends to several years, and may not show the symptoms of chronic renal failure clearly and clearly only in the latter stages of it. Many of the causes lead to chronic kidney failure, can be divided into three reasons:
- Causes that lead to kidney inflammation or obstruction of the urinary tract from the upper part.
- Causes that block the urinary tract from the lower part.
- Body diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and impaired body ions as high calcium levels in the blood.
the reasons
In general, there are many reasons that affect kidney function as the kidney is an important vital organ in the human body affected and affected by many members, and the cause of chronic kidney failure is also a chronic disease. Causes of Chronic Renal Failure include:
- Diabetes in the first and second types, especially in patients who neglect their health; diabetes affects the long term on the kidneys.
- Hypertension.
- Kidney disease, such as nephritis.
- Renal artery stenosis.
- Malaria infection.
- Drug addiction.
- Some immunological diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (systemic lupus erythematosus).
- Congenital congenital malformation.
- Eat substances that are toxic to the kidneys, such as some drugs, such as chemotherapy drugs that treat cancerous tumors, or aspirin.
- Smoking.
Symptoms
In the early stages of chronic renal failure, the symptoms that appear on the patient are similar to the symptoms associated with many diseases in the body. These symptoms may be the only indication of chronic renal failure. These symptoms include the following:
- Anorexia.
- a headache.
- Dryness in the skin and itching.
- Nausea and feeling tired.
- Loss of weight.
- Itchy skin.
- Pain in the bones.
- Dizziness and inability to concentrate.
- Shortness of breath.
- Swelling of limbs.
- The smell of the breath.
- Especially in the early morning.
- Anemia.
- Muscle spasms occur.
- Blood falls with the urine, and urine color is dark.
- Hypertension.
- Frequent urination, especially at night.
- Pain in the hip.
Diagnosis
The doctor should know the complete history of the patient, with knowledge of the chronic diseases he suffers from, in addition to knowing the symptoms and duration of the patient of these symptoms and symptoms associated with it, then through a clinical examination can find the doctor to increase the blood pressure of the patient, and hear Strange sounds when the lung and heart are examined by the ear due to fluid buildup, and signs of nerve damage can be found when clinically examining the nerves. Other tests needed to diagnose chronic renal failure include:
- Blood sample.
- Check the urine sample.
- Check kidney function.
- Diagnosis may require a biopsy of the kidneys, especially if the doctor does not arrive at the diagnosis after all the necessary tests have been performed.
- Chest x-ray to confirm that there is no pulmonary edema due to fluid buildup.
- Blood chemistry test.
- Blood creatinine ratio.
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (Glomerular Filtration Rate).
- Creatinine clearance.
* Ultrasonic image of the kidney. - A cross section of the college.
the cure
The earlier the disease was diagnosed, the more kidney function was controlled. Treatment should be treated first with treatment of the disease causing chronic kidney failure. Anemia should be treated if the blood test indicates an anemia. If blood chemistry tests indicate an increase in the percentage of phosphate in the blood or a lack of calcium in the blood, this should be treated by giving medicines to reduce the phosphate ratio and provide the patient with supplements Calcium, if the patient’s body retains water, diuretics should be given. Vitamin D levels in kidney patients are often low because it is converted into its active form by the kidneys. Patients should be given vitamin D, if the patient has high blood pressure, This affects More on kidney condition worse. Chronic renal failure may require kidney wash to eliminate the accumulated toxins in the kidneys, especially in later stages, so that some patients will have permanent treatment is dialysis until a donor is found in the kidney.