The central nervous system
The central nervous system contains centers for the reception, analysis and command of sensory information, consisting of the brain and spinal cord protected by several means: the skin and hair that protect the skull, the skull bones that protect the brain, the spinal vertebrae that protect the spinal cord, And the meninges surrounding them and protect them, and we will highlight in this article on the brain, and a simplified explanation of its parts.
Brain parts
The brain consists of about 100 billion multi-polar neurons, with a mass of about 1.4 kg. The brain consists of the brain, brain, brain stem, and cerebellum.
Brain
The brain is the largest part of the brain. It contains nerve centers related to sensory, motor, and higher mental functions. The brain is divided into two cerebral hemispheres connected to a bridge of nerve fibers, each surrounded by meningeal membranes.
The brain’s right hemisphere controls the right part of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right part of the body.
Cortex
On the surface of the brain there are many flexions called tingling, and the brain is separated from the brain. Each hemisphere is divided into lobes lobes Known as the names of the bones of the skull they cover, called the thin gray outer layer of the brain: cortex Cerebral Cortex , And contains the bodies of neurons and short fibers, and divided cerebral cortex into three functional parts:
- Sensory Centers: Receive sensory information from the senses.
- Kinetic Centers: The voluntary movements of the muscles are planned.
- Organization Centers: The centers of thinking, intelligence, creativity, memory, emotions, language, and decomposition of sensory information are interpreted, called the internal white part of the brain, and consists of long melanotic nerve fibers.
Interstitial Brain
The brain consists of the right and left tibia, each passing sensory information to the brain, containing organized centers of sensory information, and the hypothalamus region, which is responsible for maintaining the stability and balance of the internal environment of the body and contains the centers of hunger regulation, thirst, sleep, body temperature, Water, the center of emotions and self-functions, controls the production and secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland, and cooperates with the rectum and rectangle in the organization of self-regulating functions of breathing, blood pressure, and heartbeat.
brainstem
- Brain: In which visual and auditory information is manipulated and controlled by reflexes such as moving the eye, head, and neck toward a sudden source of sound.
- Qantara-bridge: The centers contain a sensitive oxygen concentration, and the pH of the blood, thus controlling the rate and depth of the breath.
- Medulla oblongata: It contains centers regulating the rate of heartbeat, breathing, muscle contraction of smooth blood vessels, digestion, as well as centers of reflexes such as: cough, sneezing, vomiting and swallowing.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain and plays a role in maintaining the body’s balance. It processes the information received from the senses, identifies it with the body’s position, and accordingly sends the nerve cells of the muscles, coordinating their work to maintain the balance of the body. Of the brain about what the desired or desired state of the body’s limbs, and sends it to the spinal cord, which gives orders to the skeletal muscles, and is stretched or stretched to move the body to the desired situation.