Fetal abnormalities or congenital defects; a problem that occurs in the formation of the fetus, which is inside the mother’s womb, and most deformities that separate the fetus during the first months of pregnancy. These deformities may be a deformity of the child’s body or a defect in one of its functions; in some cases both. The fetus may be divided into two parts, the first is congenital defects; the second is genetic defects; its presence depends on the genetic factors of one or both parents, often arising from the marriage of relatives. There is no specific place that may be affected by these abnormalities, they may be in any part of the body or in any member, may be in the heart or in the circulatory system or the respiratory system or in the urinary system or muscular system; or the nervous system and other devices in the body.
In the past, the detection of congenital malformations of the fetus was very difficult, given the medical equipment and tools used in those days, not to mention the high cost of such procedures, although they were not 100% accurate. At the present time, and with the tremendous development that has occurred in medicine and various supporting sciences, it has become easier and less costly to detect fetal deformities than it was in the past. It has reached the extent that some of these abnormalities can be treated for the fetus, his mom. The risk of fetal deformity is almost 3% of the world’s birth rate, and nearly a quarter of these cases are deformities of the heart. The degree of deformity varies from simple to moderate, very serious and serious; these can affect the fetus’s life at any stage of its life , Whether in the womb, at birth or after birth.
The modern science has provided many methods to identify fetal abnormalities in different stages of pregnancy. At the end of the first period of pregnancy, the first three months, some fetal abnormalities can be identified by ultrasound. These abnormalities include the Mongolian child, Down, as well as deformities that may affect the heart and circulatory system. A very modern type of ultrasound is a three-dimensional ultrasound, or as it is commonly used in the four-dimensional picture, which is more accurate than the normal picture and shows the abnormalities that may be present in the fetus. To detect fetal deformity, doctors perform alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein analysis. Elevation of the fetal blood in the fetus indicates fetal abnormalities, because this indicates that it is high in the fetus because of its association with the mother through the umbilical cord; It travels through the umbilical cord to the placenta and then to the mother’s blood.
The majority of tests and images that are done to ensure the safety of the fetus, especially from the deformities; it is done in the twentieth week of pregnancy, and can know the type and degree of deformity; to determine the treatment of the treatment of the patient within the uterus; or at least determine the method of treatment and care for the child after birth . In some cases – God forbid – the child’s survival rate may be low; he can not survive.