seventh nerve
The seventh nerve is called the seventh cranial nerve. The seventh nerve is one of the most important nerves that extend from the brain. The facial nerve has many different and complex functions. These nerves, which extend from the brain to the cranial nerves, : Cranial Nerve).
Parts and functions of the seventh nerve
Gyshytic branch
The branch of motor is the largest part of the facial nerve. It is concerned with the movement of the voluntary facial muscles responsible for facial expressions, including the muscle known as the Buccinator Muscle, the main facial muscle that assigns both cheeks The musculoskeletal branch is responsible for the occipital muscle (Occipitalis Muscle), the muscle located in the posterior region of the skull and close to the bottom of the scalp. It is also responsible for the Platysma muscle, Part etc In the Digastric Muscle, the Stylohyoid Muscle, and the Stapedius Muscle.
Musculoskeletal branch
Visceral Motor is the part responsible for the parasympathetic nervous system in the facial nerve. It contains nerve fibers responsible for both the submandibular glands, Sublingual glands, lacrimal glands, Mucous Membranes in the nasopharynx, palate, and soft palate.
Sensory branch
The Special Sensory Branch contains an inbound nerve fibers that convey the taste information in the front two-thirds of the tongue and both the soft and hard palate. Taste Buds have chemical receptors in this region, Which stimulates the initiation of the chemical response to the taste process.
Comprehensive sensory branch
The General Sensory Branch is a secondary part of the facial nerve. It contains an incoming nerve fiber responsible for transmitting the sensation of the ear conch in the external ear, as well as a small part of the area behind the ear. The lower mandible may help to transfer Sensation of Acoustic Meatus and Tympanic Membrane.
Seventh nerve disorders and their causes
Facial problems can cause problems such as weakness of parts of the face, loss of ability to express facial expressions, difficulty speaking clearly, difficulty in eating and drinking, and may cause difficulty in closing the eye, which may lead to broken cornea (Cornea) and causing problems in them. Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Paralysis is one of the most common causes of facial paralysis and facial nerve disorders. It accounts for 80% of cases, and may cause 15% of its cases to weaken parts of the face only. In 85% of patients with 6 to 9 months of steroid treatment, oral hygiene, eye care, and facial rehabilitation.
Other causes of facial nerve disorders include:
- Viral Infection: A facial infection may cause a Ramsay Hunt (Ramsay Hunt Syndrome), which is a severe facial paralysis, which can cause facial weakness, blisters on the ears and the roof of the mouth, and is treated with steroid drugs and antiretroviral drugs : Antiviral Drugs), in addition to the need for eye care, and rehabilitation of the face.
- Bacterial Infection: Bites may cause a type of facial nerve disorder called Lyme Disease. This disease is accompanied by a skin rash, as a primary symptom, and then other symptoms Such as facial paralysis, headache, fever, and general weakness. These are treated with antibiotics and eye care.
- Injuries and bruises: Injuries and bruises are one of the most common causes of permanent facial paralysis. For example, temporal bone fractures in the skull cause damage to the nerve of the face and the labyrinth of the ear leading to hearing loss and dizziness. The correction and early treatment is one of the most important things to raise the healing rate, surgical intervention can sometimes be used to remove the pressure and drown the facial nerve.
- Traumatic Injuries Origin: Iatrogenic Injury may occur in the facial nerve during surgery for the face or head. Treatment is determined depending on the severity of the damage that has occurred; some severe cases of such injuries may require restoration of the facial nerve or other operations to restore facial movement and similarity in cases where the facial nerve can not be repaired.
- Oncology: Tumors of the base of the skull may cause tumors of the same facial nerve, or tumors that cause pressure on the facial nerve, or which pierces the nerve by causing facial weakness, as well as other symptoms such as hearing loss or a lump in the neck area . Examples of this type of tumor are: Acoustic Neuroma, Facial Neuroma, and Parotid Gland.
- Neurological diseases: Some cases of the nervous system may cause weakness on both sides of the face. Examples include Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Peripheral Neuropathy, which affects the nerves of the limbs such as hands and feet, Stroke: Loss of ability to move the lower part of the face.