Definition of schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder in which a person suffers from abnormal changes in thinking, feelings, emotions, and behaviors. It is possible that psychosis, which means the separation of the person from reality, is a symptom. Personality disorder is a chronic disorder and has negative social and medical effects on the patient. , And suffer approximately 0.3-0.7% of people during their lifetime of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia affects men and women equally, but schizophrenics suffer from different symptoms at different times than those with schizophrenia. Men suffer from personality disorder often in the early twenties. Women at the end of the 1920s, and men with schizophrenia usually improve their mental health more slowly And individuals who are under the age of 15 or over the age of 55 are rarely diagnosed with schizophrenia. People living in socially and economically disadvantaged societies suffer more from Nafsam al-Husseini, homeless people who are homeless are also more vulnerable to schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia or schizophrenia can be expressed as a set of brain changes associated with increased dopamine activity. Other hypotheses are that serotonin or norepinephrine increases In the relationships between the patient and those around him on the ground, where the disease is a disturbance of emotional and behavioral and mental, but be varying from one person to another, or to varying degrees in the same person, the person is far from the real world, and the person with schizophrenia Or Personal Nfsam creates a special world in him, this world is full of hallucinations and delusions, and lives with as a fact.

A person with schizophrenia begins to have trouble dealing with others, so it is very easy to detect a person with schizophrenia. Most people with schizophrenia are frightening and dangerous because they do not really know what they are doing on the ground. Sound.

Symptoms of schizophrenia

The symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into a range of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms:

Positive symptoms

The hallucinations of the positive symptoms, and those who suffer from hallucinations see things that do not exist and strange, and may smell smells do not exist also, and these things do not find anyone else, and may hear voices caused by fear of getting hated or threatened, or ordered him to do something. In addition to hallucinations, the illusion is another positive symptom that can be suffered by schizophrenic patients, such as the illusion of the patient and believes wrong beliefs such as a person or that the television controls his mind, or believes that someone else, in addition to the patient’s behavior strange, and his words in a way incomprehensible, If these symptoms are what the schizophrenic suffers, the chance of responding to antipsychotics is better.

Negative symptoms

Negative symptoms include indifference, loss of pleasure in the beautiful things, scarcity of speech, and unhappiness with the sad things others are affected by, such as laughing at sad things, looking unhappy when hearing good things, feeling empty or hollow, Attention to social life, and lack of speech, and these symptoms if the patient shows that the situation is worse, and may not respond to the patient suffering from psychotropic drugs, as the patient is also socially isolated.

Cognitive symptoms

Perceptual symptoms include poor attention and concentration, impaired executive functions and practical memory. Schizophrenia affects people with cognitive symptoms in their work, careers, and education.

Stages of onset of symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia appear in three stages:

Primary stage: The person begins to decline functionally before exposure to the first psychic rings, and begins to withdraw socially, and may show a decline in the level of employment or educational, and may show a new interest in religious topics or are ambiguous.
Stage of psychosis: The symptoms of schizophrenia appear here, such as irregularities and unorganized thoughts.
Stage of sedative symptoms: Follow the stage of psychosis, characterized by the suffering of the person of the negative symptoms, in addition to hallucinations and light preparations.

Diagnosis

In order for a person to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, he or she must have two or more of the following symptoms for at least one month, and the symptoms are:

imagination.
Hallucinations.
Speak in an unorganized way.
Conducting strange acts and movements in a continuous and meaningless manner.
One of the negative symptoms listed above.

The person must suffer at least one of the first three symptoms. In addition, the symptoms must adversely affect his or her social and practical life. The person must suffer from the disease for at least six months at the full stages of the disease. Prohibited material or other satisfactory condition.

the reasons

There are a number of factors that can cause the occurrence of schizophrenia, the most important genetic factor; the genetic factor plays a large role in the possibility of schizophrenia, as families that have a record of some cases of the disease by the members are more vulnerable to the disease than others, Some studies suggest that people with twins have the same exposure to schizophrenia by 50%. If the mother and mother have schizophrenia, the individual has a schizophrenia of up to 40%. If a close relative is diagnosed with schizophrenia The incidence of schizophrenia may reach 12%.

Progress of the case

About 40% to 60% of people with schizophrenia are not significantly improved despite treatment, 20-30% of schizophrenic patients improve their treatment, and 20% of schizophrenics attempt suicide or have suicidal thoughts. The patient is well or bad;

Reasons for the progress of the situation well

The situation appeared late.
The victim should have family and social support.
The symptoms of the patient are among the positive symptoms mentioned above.
The patient suffers from symptoms associated with mood changes such as depression.
The patient should be female.
Be a few setbacks.
The condition of the patient should be good before schizophrenia.

Reasons for bad progress

Early onset.
Does the patient not have family and social support?
The symptoms of the patient are among the negative symptoms mentioned above.
Family member with schizophrenia.
The patient should be male.
The number of relapses should be a lot.
The condition of the patient is bad before schizophrenia, such as isolation.
Use of prohibited substances or drugs.

the cure

The treatment of schizophrenia is divided into psychotherapy and medication. Psychotherapy is an attempt to improve the social behavior of the individual in several ways and means to develop the individual’s social skills, as well as family therapy and group therapy, and some measures are needed to reach the stage of adequate treatment. The patient is subjected to treatment and rehabilitation in all respects, the most important of which are the professional and social aspects, as all these things aim at the same goal, an attempt to integrate the injured person in the community in order to reach the required degree of treatment and recovery.

Each generation inhibits the activity of a specific type of dopamine receptor. Examples of the first generation are chlorpromazine and haloperidol, which are used in the treatment of dopamine receptors, , And the second generation are examples of its drugs: Olanzapine and Risperidone.

It is worth noting that the side effects caused by the first-generation antipsychotics of high effectiveness is the imbalance in the muscle tension of the muscles of the face and neck and tongue, in addition to tremor, and the side effects of antipsychotic drugs of the second generation and the first-generation antipsychotic drugs Low efficacy includes dry mouth, constipation, nausea in vision, and side effects of second-generation drugs, high blood pressure and glucose, and changes in cholesterol levels in the body.