Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is defined as a contagious bacterial disease, causing more deaths worldwide than any other disease, and the number of people around the world is the largest, estimated at 2 billion people, making it dangerous and lead to death, is that when it becomes effective in Nearly 60% of untreated patients die, about 3 million a year, but it is reassuring to have a cure. Treatment can help save 90% of people with the disease. The underlying tuberculosis and effective tuberculosis, and how to diagnose the disease in both cases by knowing their symptoms Their door and treatment for each.
Causes of TB
TB is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis or TB bacillus. This virus is transmitted from one person to another through the air. When a patient coughs or sneezes, the germs are passed from his mouth to the air. The infection is not transmitted by touching objects, clothing, Tuberculosis patients.
After infection with the TB virus, the immune system controls the germs, so the infection takes the latent form, but these bacteria spread after a period, take the form of effective infection, and usually does not transfer transmission of infection from one person to another of one sneeze, One or two months of contact with a healthy person for another patient, because the number of germs that are transmitted in one sneeze or come out loaded with air exhaling is slightly.
Effective infection and latent infection
When air breathes air that is contaminated with tuberculosis, the air travels to the lungs through the trachea, and at the end of the trachea there are a number of alveoli, which are like balloon bags where gases are exchanged. Blood takes oxygen from the air that reaches the vesicles, Carbon dioxide to exhaled air.
Bacteria infect the alveoli with the disease, and the device starts with immunosuppressants, specifically white blood cells fight germs, as its function is to fight foreign bodies of viruses and germs, and some white blood cells called macrophages attack the bacteria TB, and here die a lot of germs, but the germ wall consists of A substance that helps protect the germ inside the buds. However, the immune system separates the infected pests from other macrophages. The infected pests accumulate in the form of a small gray contract called the tubers. In the case of a person suffering from TB germs, Its weak, the bacteria overcome his immune system, as well as is the case for tubers and graduated to the alveoli and then spread to the lungs then in all parts of the body, causing active TB.
In the case of a person who inhaled air with TB germs has a strong immune system and good health, his immune system can easily control the bacteria, and keep them in tubers for many years, which is known as TB latent, and remains the bacillus on this case, either heals the human Of them, which are predominant, or reactivate when a person’s health or weakens his immune system, and come back to take the form of effective tuberculosis.
Symptoms of tuberculosis
TB bacilli pass from the vesicles through the blood to reach all parts of the body, and of course they face the resistance and chasing the immune system everywhere, but it succeeds in killing many of the immune cells, and show some symptoms on the person with the disease, the initial symptoms such as: Fever, increased night sweats, and lack of desire to eat.
None of these symptoms may occur in some people with the disease, but with the increase in the spread of biliary bacilli in the body are formed gaps in the lungs, which sometimes make way to the large airways in the lungs, in this case the air that comes out with the patient cough patient With a large number of biliary bacilli, and continue to form bacilli in the lungs lead to further damage, and may cause holes in the blood vessels and thus bleeding in the lungs, and some blood from the patient’s mouth accompanied by sputum, and TB disease different symptoms vary according to the affected member, The backbone attacks Yes B pain in the back and sometimes abnormalities.
TB diagnosis
TB infection can be detected by the skin using a test called a mant test, and this test can reach the result of a person’s infection or not after about 6-8 weeks of the entry of bacilli to the body of the patient, and this test to inject the person with a substance called Bbd Under the forearm skin, the person with TB is formed under the red spot skin after two to four days, but this does not necessarily mean that the infection is effective.
There is another test for blood called Quanti Veron TB. This test shows whether a person has been exposed to TB TB before. If you want to know if TB is effective, the doctor will take a chest x-ray to see the presence of bacilli Tuberculosis if it takes the form of loopholes and caves in the lungs, and also monitors the symptoms appear on the patient, and takes samples of the patient’s phlegm and exposes them to identify the specific type of germ causing the disease, making it easier to find the best medicine.
TB treatment
To achieve a good outcome in the treatment and elimination of tuberculosis bacilli from the body, it is necessary to cooperate between the doctor and the patient and give the patient the advice that must be done to accelerate the treatment, preferably under the patient under the supervision of the doctor, and the treatment to take the patient four drugs during a number of Months, these drugs are: isoniazid, rifadine, myambotol, and pyrazinamide.
It is necessary to take these drugs under medical supervision, as some of them have side effects on the patient, especially if associated with the use of drugs or other drugs to drink alcohol, and usually become a person with TB non-contagious, after two weeks or more than regular treatment, That irregularity in taking treatment gives the bacillus the opportunity to become more powerful and resistant to treatment.
Prevention of tuberculosis
The prevention of the disease is very easy. If the person who has the disease close his nose and mouth when coughing, it prevents the transmission of the disease to others, and early diagnosis of the disease helps to take the necessary procedures for treatment before the outbreak in the body, and doctors give the drug isoniazid to people who suffer from Tuberculosis, as well as those who are mixed with people with the disease, and those who have traveled to a country where TB is prevalent.
TB vaccine
This vaccine is given to children living in areas and countries where tuberculosis is prevalent. It is a BCG vaccine that protects the body against the spread of bacilli. However, it does not prevent the initial infection of the disease. This indicates that the disease, despite its severity, Prevention and treatment is easy if detected early in the disease and regular treatment.