Breathing: It is a process by all organisms to survive, in which the organism inhales oxygen by a process called inhalation, the release of carbon dioxide by a process called exhalation, and the breathing method varies from organism to organism. The skin is called gills like fish, including breathing through the skin like a frog, including those with special rakes to breathe Kaldik, including breathing through the lungs as well as in human; Man has a complete device and integrated to carry out breathing, and the most prominent parts of the lungs.
Lung and its functions
Lung is a respiratory organ found in vertebrate organisms. It enters oxygen into the blood stream, removes carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. The lung contains a group of specialized cells lining it, which is responsible for the exchange of gases called the alveoli. In addition to the function of lung and its role in the breathing process, it has non-respiratory functions, such as:
- Regulates hydrogen ion concentration.
- Lung affects the concentration of vital substances and drugs given in arterial blood.
- Works to filter out small blood clots that may occur in the veins.
- Be a shock absorber layer to protect the heart.
- Lung works to rid the venous blood of air bubbles that can be attached to it.
lung diseases
Lungs, like other parts of the body, may be affected by many disorders, problems and diseases. This leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the breathing process, thus not taking enough oxygen to the body. Lung disease is very common among people, especially nowadays. Affect the respiratory system such as smoking, and the most common lung diseases are:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the inability of the lung to perform the exhale normally, leading to difficulty breathing.
- Chronic bronchitis: This disease is another form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but it is chronic cough.
- Emphysema: It is difficult to get air out of the lungs during exhalation due to inflammation of the alveoli.
- Acute bronchitis: A bronchial infection with a sudden viral infection, in which case the patient experiences difficulty in removing mucus accumulated in the lung, causing inflammation of the lung.
- Pneumonia is an inflammation of the alveoli caused by bacteria.
- Tuberculosis: It is a form of pneumonia caused by negative fungal bacteria.
- Pulmonary edema: It is a leakage of fluid from the small blood vessels in the lung to the alveoli and the surrounding area, and causes the disease heart failure, and back pressure in blood vessels in the lungs.
- Lung Cancer.
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Sudden lung injury caused by shortness of breath.
- Pneumonia is caused by the inhalation of substances harmful to the lung continuously, so that it suspends the dust in the lung and envelops, resulting in the inability to breathe, Examples of these materials: coal dust and asbestos.