HIV
The immune system in the human body includes the spleen, tonsils, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. These lymphocytes form and secrete lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that attacks foreign objects such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, , B cells and T-cells, and B cells produce antibodies to the disease that affects the body, while T cells destroy or attack alien or abnormal cells, and what happens at Immunodeficiency is a disorder of the body’s ability to resist these strange objects, which in turn prevents the body from resisting infections and diseases.
Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency diseases are divided into primary immunodeficiency disorders, which are produced at birth or by a genetic factor, with more than 100 species, and secondary immunodeficiency disorders, which are caused by an external effect such as a substance Chemical, toxic or contagious, and these causes also severe burns, chemotherapy, diabetes, and others.
Immunodeficiency
Some primary immunodeficiency diseases are mild and can be observed only after years, and others appear directly on the patient immediately after birth. HIV is often transmitted by one or both parents. Genes play an important role in this type of immune deficiency, These diseases can not be prevented or prevented, but some health practices are helpful in preventing infection due to immune impairment by following these tips:
- Take care of your personal hygiene by washing your hands with soap after entering the toilet and before eating.
- Brush teeth at least twice a day.
- Balanced healthy eating.
- Exercise sports activities.
- Get enough sleep, by trying to sleep at the same time and for the same number of hours each day.
- Control of psychological stress.
- Avoid overcrowding and exposure to infected people.
- Ask the doctor about the vaccine.
It is important to note that it is advisable to see a doctor in the case of a frequent or severe infection, or infection does not respond to treatment, as the early detection of infection with HIV and start treatment may prevent infection that cause long-term problems, and depends on the treatment of immune system support , And many of the infected can live almost normally. Examples of these diseases are common common immunodeficiency (CVID), which affects children with ear, nose, lung, and other infections , And its treatment depends on injection of sucking B regularly with needles to compensate for their deficiency, and Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), which often dies before they reach the first year of life. New bone marrow transplantation may provide treatment for the disease some cases.
Secondary immunodeficiency
Any factor that weakens the immune system may cause secondary immune deficiency, such as exposure to the body fluids of others infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which results in the occurrence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) AIDS. Secondary immunodeficiency may occur as a result of splenectomy, which is necessary in some cases, such as cirrhosis of the liver. Secondary immunodeficiency may also occur due to sickle cell anemia, or spleen is damaged. Age plays a role In weakening the body’s immunity as well With age, some organs that produce white blood cells shrink. Proteins are important for the immune system, and few in the diet weakens the immune system. In fact, the body produces proteins during sleep; therefore, lack of sleep leads to weakened immunity. General Causes of secondary immunodeficiency are difficult to quantify, but HIV and Tuberculosis are known to play a larger role in causing secondary immunodeficiency.
Secondary immunodeficiency is common in hospital patients in the following cases:
- Malnutrition is the most common cause of immunodeficiency.
- Lymphoreticular malignancy.
- Take some medications, such as immunosuppressant drugs.
- Metabolic disorders.
- Major surgery.
- Loss of proteins due to a disorder, including Nephrotic Syndrome.
Symptoms and diagnosis of immune deficiency
Symptoms may be frequent or chronic, and symptoms may include sinusitis, colds, diarrhea, pneumonia, Yeast infections, etc. In fact, the doctor The patient may be examined for the presence of HIV in the event of these symptoms and not respond to the treatment or not improve over time, and to diagnose the disease may the doctor:
- The question about the history of illness.
- Clinical examination.
- Measure the number of white blood cells.
- T-cell number measurement.
- Measuring immunoglobulin levels (immunoglobulin).
- Antibody test. In this test, the patient is given a certain dose. The doctor expects the body to respond to the infection within a few days or weeks by means of a blood test. In the absence of an immune deficiency disease, the body will produce antibodies to attack the organisms Located in the Scorpion.