Down’s syndrome
Down Syndrome, or Mongolian nonsense, is a hereditary disease that disrupts the development of the child’s brain and thus affects his or her mental and physical development, and is attributed to the first person he described as a doctor with a British nationality called John Langdon Down in the year of eighteen hundred and sixty-two. In the number of chromosomes in the child, specifically there is an additional copy of the 21st chromosome, or part of it.
Types of Down Syndrome
There are several types of Down syndrome, depending on the type of defect that occurs in the chromosomes, namely:
- Twenty-first trimester: This type is the most common, and the imbalance in the doubling of the chromosome twenty-one, instead of doubling twice as it should, multiply three, and therefore the number of chromosomes of this genetic defect is forty-seven chromosomes, more than one of the natural persons.
- The type of mosaic: This type is very rare, as it affects about one percent of the total of people with Down syndrome, and is the presence of two types of cells in the patient, the art of carrying the normal number of chromosomes, including a more chromosome.
- Chromosomal transition: People with Down syndrome make up four percent of the total number of patients, and chromosomal dysplasia occurs. The 21 chromosome separates and binds to another chromosome. In most cases the adhesion is in the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, or twenty- , Or in itself.
Symptoms of Down Syndrome
- The size of the tongue, and the small mouth cavity, so the person with this syndrome often keeps his tongue out of his mouth.
- Having one fold in the palm of the hand.
- The Palace of the Neck.
- flat face.
- AC in the eye hole.
- Flatten the nose.
- The presence of additional skin at the inner corner of the eye.
- The presence of white dots in the iris.
- Lack of harmony between muscles.
- There is a clear distance between the big finger in the foot and the finger that follows.
- Congenital heart defect.
- Slow growth, children with this syndrome begin to crawl, walk at a greater age, as well as for length.
Most male patients are unable to conceive, while the probability is higher than that of females.
Awareness should be given to dealing with children with this syndrome, establishing special centers for their education and training, and organizing special sports classes to strengthen their muscles, improve their response, and create jobs that correspond to their abilities when they grow up to activate their role in society.