Down’s syndrome
Down Syndrome is also known as the Mongolian child, an inappropriate label for the disease. It is best to say Down Syndrome. This is the name of John Down, who discovered the disease. Down syndrome is not a human disease, but a mutation or something. Congenital malformation is caused by the presence of defects in the genes of the fetus occur during pregnancy, accompanied by congenital deformity some of the symptoms and diseases that affect the child affected, and children with Down syndrome share some physical and mental signs that are associated with this situation, and facilitates the identification of infected easily, Syndrome Down is one of the most common genetic diseases among children and causes their mental retardation.
Causes of Down Syndrome
As mentioned above, the main cause of Down’s syndrome is a genetic defect in the fetus during pregnancy. This defect is due to three main causes of three types of Down Syndrome:
- Trisomy 21, which results in the presence of a chromosome 21 plus in the child; natural in humans to possess 23 pairs of chromosomes, each pair contains chromosomes one of them from the mother and the other from the father, for a total of 46 chromosome, Down syndrome produces chromosome 21 to 3 chromosomes instead of two to total 47 chromosomes. This imbalance in the number of chromosomes occurs in all patient cells without exception, leading to abnormalities in the patient’s external appearance, as well as dysfunction of vital functions , And backwardness in mental capacity, and this is the reason why Iasa infection with Down’s syndrome at 95% of cases.
- Mosaic Down Syndrome. In this type, the imbalance occurs in later stages of pregnancy. Thus, the number of chromosomes in the body’s part is impaired, while the other part is intact. This type of Duane syndrome is very rare and affects 1% Of the cases, and shows the child infected with this type some characteristics and characteristics of Down syndrome and not all, and these cases can be treated and treated in the early stages; because the symptoms and complications can be limited, the problems that he has not insurmountable with the type of triglyceride.
- Translocation Down Syndrome is called Down Syndrome, a rare condition that occurs in only 5% of Down’s syndrome patients. Here chromosome 21 is divided into two copies as is normal, but there are parts of this chromosome that are related to the chromosome This results in an increase in the genetic material resulting from the merging of chromosome 21 with another chromosome, leading to a change in the genetic pattern of the cells to become similar to those of Down syndrome. In this type, the inheritance probability for the next generation is high, Subsequent generations.
Factors that increase the risk of Down syndrome
Although Down’s syndrome is caused by chromosomal dysplasia during pregnancy, there are factors that increase the likelihood of infection, including:
- The mother offers age : In fact, the incidence of Down syndrome increases as the mother progresses in age. The risk of genetic abnormalities and abnormalities in the egg increases with the age of the mother. The rate of Down’s syndrome at 35 years of age is 1 in 350 children, while the percentage increases to 1 100 children at the age of 40 and 1 in 30 children 45 years of age. On the other hand, most children with Down syndrome are born to mothers under the age of 35, due to the fact that women of this age are highly fertile and have a greater number of children children.
- Having Down Syndrome : Having a mother with a child with Down’s syndrome increases the likelihood of having another child, and this risk is 1 in 100 children.
- The presence of a brother or sister with Down syndrome Increases the chances of having a child with a baby.
- Genetic causes It is known that Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that is not inherited through generations, but its causes are inherited in the case of the second type of Down syndrome, the transitional type, in which one or both parents have the genes of the disease and not infected, and here is more likely to have a child with AIDS Daumen transition.
Symptoms of Down Syndrome
As mentioned above, children with Down’s syndrome share signs and symptoms that make them easy to identify:
- The shape of the face is round and flat, and the back of the head is flat.
- The shape of the nose is short.
- The shape of the eyes is tilted upward, close to the lozenge.
- Irregularity in the form of mouth and tongue, the tongue may appear out.
- Irregularity in the shape of teeth.
- Two small ears.
- The hair is very soft and drop-down.
- Palace in the upper and lower limbs.
- Short and wide neck.
- Palace of stature.
- Delayed mental abilities, difficulty learning.
- Melanoma in the bone.
- The presence of heart defects, and this occurs in about 50% of infected children.
- Hypothyroidism, eye problems, or wheat allergies.
- Depression or behavioral disorders, such as cognitive impairment, hyperactivity and autism.
Treatment of Down Syndrome
Although there is no treatment for Down’s Syndrome, it is a lifelong condition. Although the parents feel sad when their child is born with the disease, dealing with the child and providing care and support is the cornerstone of child care. The child should be encouraged to take care of the child and make the effort to teach him the basic skills in life. Although they have difficulty learning compared to the children who are not affected, parents can teach the child The injured how to rotate His own food, and how to talk and walk, and be friends in school, and later can be taught how it works and gets an independent life.