History of the discovery of vitamins
In the early 19th century, interest in vitamins was a staple food. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats were the only staple food. It was believed that these three substances, or at least one of these substances, needed to be properly nourished. It is the food that supplies the body with the energy necessary for the movement, without which the person loses weight and suffers wasting and weakness and then commensurate to death.
There have been doctors who care about nutrition as a branch of medicine, although there is no science of “feeding” yet, and an example of their interest is the observation of different symptoms that appear on people even when they eat adequate amounts of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and was previously rejected in the previous century The idea of a nutrient present in small amounts in certain foods may cause death when it is short. The first discovery began with the doctors’ observation of Scorpio. Marine soldiers and seafarers generally had symptoms of general weakness, joint pain, tooth loss and sudden death. The reason for the injury of the sailors, But it was found that the sailors were on long voyages eating bread and fish mainly without any kind of vegetables or fruit because of the inability to preserve them from damage to the ship on long journeys, and sailors were cured automatically after several days of land access and start eating on it .
In another incident, soldiers in the British British Asian colonies suffered from Berber disease, a disease that causes general body weakness, wasting and irregular heartbeat. Their food consisted mainly of white rice along with some vegetables. The soldiers recovered after returning to their motherland, and here Doctors and nutritionists said that there are chemical elements and compounds that have not been observed in food because they are small in quantity, but they have a key role in maintaining the general health of the human body. This conclusion was rejected by many doctors and people. No one was convinced that the cause and treatment of the disease fruits ! Hard work was to find a “cure” for the symptoms caused by a bacterial infection; the idea of eating fruit for healing was a silly idea in the medical community.
In the early nineteenth century and after several observations and experiences were revealed these elements and hidden compounds, and was later called “vitamins”, and it is known – and is not debatable – that Scorpio caused by vitamin C deficiency, “and began sailors Taking dried lemons with them to long trips and eating regularly, and quotas to maintain the level of this vitamin in the body, and found that Berberi in the British colonies in Asian countries – it was affecting villagers in China and Japan, but was not noticed and observed only when British soldiers – it was Vitamin B1 deficiency, which is available in foods such as eggs, potatoes, seeds, or whole grains – can not be obtained from peeled wheat – so white rice, along with some green vegetables, is not enough to get it, although these vegetables are rich Vitamin C, and hence began to research and study the sources of all the vitamins and quantities needed by the human body to remain intact, and found that the quantities are very little is measured in the unit of grams, but the unit of milligram or microgram.
Vitamins dissolved in water
Different vitamins are classified into two types: water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins, which differ from each other in the ability to store them in the body. Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in different fats in the human body and then obtained when needed, Because water does not store water in his body – as do the camel – but constantly drops water and consumes, so it must be addressed at least once every three days, while a thousand Insurance dissolved in fat can be eaten once every few weeks to get the minimum.
Vitamins that are soluble in water include:
- Vitamin B1 is also called thiamin. It is important to maintain the integrity of the nervous system, the heart and various muscles. It can cause a deficiency of beriberi. It can also cause anorexia nervosa and shortness of memory. Whole grains, potatoes, melons, tomato juice and ample amounts of soy milk.
- Vitamin B2: Also called Rayofoflavin, Ribofavin, is caused by a lack of irritation in the various cells and is particularly evident in the skin cells in the form of ulcers around the mouth, as shown in the form of dark purple on the tongue, found in different milk such as yogurt and cheese, Eggs and liver.
- Vitamin B3: Also called Niacin “Niacin” is caused by weakness of memory, fatigue and pain in the abdomen as well as diarrhea and vomiting, and also irritates the tongue and acquire a red color is available, and is available in chickens, tuna, liver and pistachio nuts.
- Vitamin B5: Also called pantothenic acid. Symptoms include lack of muscle spasm, fatigue, numbness, nervousness and increased sensitivity to insulin, and can cause nausea or even vomiting, and is found in egg yolks, liver, chicken, broccoli, tomatoes and oats.
- Vitamin B6: Symptoms include lack of symptoms of anemia, fatigue, headache and weakness of concentration, and is available in different types of meat, potatoes and legumes.
- Vitamin B7: Also called biotin “Biotin” and is caused by weakness of the concentration and numbness in the limbs, and increase in hair loss, and is found in the liver and egg yolks, soybeans and many whole grains.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency also causes symptoms of anemia such as fatigue, headaches, poor concentration, constipation and poor appetite, and can be obtained from different types of meat, eggs, milk and cheese.
- Vitamin C deficiency is caused by weak bones, joint pain, slow wound healing, easily exposed infections, bleeding in the gums, relaxation and moving teeth, general muscle weakness and muscle aches, and is available in many types of vegetables and fruits, especially acidic fruits such as oranges, grapefruit, Broccoli and broccoli, as well as green vegetables such as sweet peppers, strawberries, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes, kiwi, melons and many more.
Vitamins dissolved in fat
- Vitamin A: Lack of night sickness, even blindness, can affect growth in children, and is available in broccoli, carrots, tomato juice, sweet potatoes and cow liver.
- Vitamin D: It is important to build bone and maintain its density and strength, and deficiency causes osteoporosis, and can be obtained from exposure to indirect sunlight, and can be obtained from vitamin D-fortified milk.
- Vitamin E: It may cause neurological problems, broken red blood cells, and egg yolks, liver, seeds, walnuts, green leafy vegetables and whole grains of non-peeled wheat.
- Vitamin K: It is important for blood clotting and when it is deficient, there may be continuous bleeding, found in milk, green leafy vegetables and liver, and can be made by bacteria available in the intestines.
Symptoms of increased vitamins
The different foods in nature, as they are on the appropriate amounts needed by the human body of vitamins, and all that the person to do is to follow a balanced diet and contains all the nutrients, and do not require access to these elements in the form of tablets and pills and supplements, This may cause high doses of toxicity, especially for fat-soluble vitamins, because the excess does not come out with water as in water-soluble vitamins, so it should be taken with care and only with the advice of a doctor or nutritionist if there is a deficiency symptom.