Diamond
A carbon-free stone in the form of cubic crystals that may have eight faces or twelve faces. Carbon atoms are formed in the form of compact and regular cubes next to each other; carbon contains six protons and six electrons orbiting the nucleus, four of which are capable of bonding is very strong with other atoms; to form strong bonds known as crystallization, thus forming the regular crystals.
The unique structure of this stone can not contain any kind of impurities and cracks of other elements, but scientific studies have proved that there are no stones completely free of impurities, the less impurities in the stone increased its value.
There are many materials made of carbon concentrates such as graphite, but diamond is a distinctive stone. It has a crystalline structure. Scientists have studied many phenomena, including the phenomenon of stacking; it is the chemical compatibility and physical differences in the specifications of carbon monoxide compounds. The diamond is known for its hardness, strength, clarity and color. It is the first of the solid metals, 1010 in the world grades of moss in stones, followed by sapphires, and the moss is the measure that gives the resistance of the material to scratch.
Since ancient times, millions of years ago, man has known diamonds, but finding them is very difficult. Scientific and technological development in the 19th century contributed to the acquisition and production of diamonds and the ability to produce them.
Diamond
The diamond is in the depths of the Earth, which is equivalent to 150 miles underground, and may be higher. It needs high temperatures, obtained from dissolved lava in the ground, with high pressure due to the deep depth of the earth millions of years later, diamonds flow from the ground to the surface with volcanic lava during volcanoes, but it must cool down for a specified period of time.
Diamond extraction
South Africa has the largest diamond inventory in the world. Diamonds are centered around volcanic craters, and diamonds are extracted from the ground. It is bonded to rocks and sand and then treated by keeping it out of the rocks by grinding it so finely that diamonds do not display damage or crushing, and then add water mixed with chemicals, which in turn melt the rocks and turn into a soft material such as clay, and therefore keep the diamond as it retains all its properties, and in the final phase of the separation of rocks from diamonds in many stages.