Down syndrome
It is one of the diseases that occurs as a result of a defect in the genes at an early stage (ie, prenatal) and carries several psychological and physical characteristics, and is called many of the terms such as the disease of the triglyceride chromosome 21, Down syndrome, and the advantage of children with the disease certain features visible in their bodies.
Types of Down Syndrome
- The Twenty-first Triangle: Which occurs in a repeat of the chromosome 21 three times, and is infected by 95% of patients with Down syndrome.
- Chromatography: In which chromosome 21 is broken down and attached to another chromosome, with 4% of Down syndrome patients.
- Type of mosaic: Which contains two types of cells in the body of the patient; some contain 47 chromosomes, and the other contains the normal number of chromosomes 46 chromosome, and infected by 1% of patients with Down syndrome.
Causes of Down Syndrome
- There is a problem in chromosomes in building the body of the fetus before birth. The normal fetus carries 46 chromosomes in each physical cell. The fetus with Down’s syndrome contains 47 chromosomes.
- Genetic abnormalities that cause changes in the development of the fetus’s body and mind.
- Pregnant women are over the age of 35 years, where the greater the age of women at pregnancy increased the risk of injury to the fetus with Down syndrome.
- The genetic factor; if the family history records the condition of a child suffering from the disease.
- If the fetus’s father is older than forty years.
Symptoms of Down Syndrome
- Distinct features of the face, such as the slanted eyes, flat lateral shape, short neck, small mouth, and small ears.
- Weak joints and muscles in childhood, and may improve the level of muscular tension in late childhood.
- Their IQs are lower than normal.
- Most have health problems and complications such as bowel, heart, and breathing problems.
Diagnosis of Down Syndrome
Diagnosis of the disease through the conduct of several tests, including:
- Photography: Such as ultrasound imaging that occurs late in the third month of pregnancy.
- blood test: Which is known as fetal fetal screening, is performed in the second trimester of pregnancy.
- Chromosomal examination: Ie nuclear assay, is performed by amniotic fluid dissection, and a sample of choroid villains is taken.
Tips for dealing with Down Syndrome patient
- The family learns all the information about Down’s Syndrome, which helps them in how to help their child.
- Search for places that provide assistance programs, search for treatment centers, and also find suitable cultural institutions that provide an appropriate educational atmosphere.
- Exchange of experiences and conversations between families with a child with Down syndrome in order to have a help worker.